Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nidirana okinavana (Boettger, 1895)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Nidirana > Species: Nidirana okinavana

Rana okinavana Boettger, 1895, Zool. Anz., 18: 266. also described by Boettger, 1895, Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturkd., 1895: 103. Syntypes: (total of 3 specimens) SMF (2 specimens), Bremen Mus.; SMF 5830 (formerly SMF 1047.3a) designated lectotype by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 45. Type locality: "Liukiu [Ryukyu]-Inseln, angebich von Okinawa, der mittleren Gruppe", Japan; given by Boettger, 1895, Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturkd., 1895: 104, as "Liukiu-Inseln, angeblich von Okinawa, der mittleren Gruppe", Japan. Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 203, regarded the type locality as erroneous, most likely actually somewhere in the Yaemama Islands,

Rana (Rana) okinavana — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 9; Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 40 (based on misidentified material).

Rana psaltes Kuramoto, 1985, Herpetologica, 41: 150. Holotype: FUE 80320, by original designation. Type locality: "near the Kampira Falls (Urauchi River, 24°21′ N, 123°49′ E), Iriomote Island", Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Synonymy by Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 199-204.

Rana (Hylarana) psaltis — Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 127, incorrect subsequent spelling of the species name.

Rana (Nidirana) psaltes — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 324.

Hylarana (Nidirana) psaltes — Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 119.

Nidirana psaltes — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237; Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 35 (Undiscussed recognition). See comment under Ranidae record.

Babina psaltes — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 368.

Babina okinavana — Frost, 2007, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 5.1. By implication of the nomenclatural change suggested by Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 199-204.

Babina okinavana — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 35. See comment under Ranidae record.

Nidirana okinavana — Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 493.

Common Names

Kampira Falls Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 109 [as Rana psaltes]).

Yaeyama Harpist Frog (Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 127; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 90 [as Rana psaltes]).

Harpist Brown Frog (Lue, Tu, and Hsiang, 1999, Atlas Taiwan Amph. Rept.: 80 [as Rana psaltes]).

Ryukyu Music Frog (Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 494).

Distribution

Iriomote and Ishigaki Is.,Yaeyama group of Ryukyu Is., Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Comment

In the Rana (Nidirana) adenopleura group of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 324. Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 124-127, provided an account. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 90-92, provided an account, map, and photograph. Lue, Tu, and Hsiang, 1999, Atlas Taiwan Amph. Rept.: 80-81, provided a brief account and photograph for a very small Taiwan population (as Rana psaltes) although the identification of this population is now suspect (see below). Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 199-204, showed that Rana okinavana, long associated with an unnamed species of brown frog in the northern Ryukyus is actually a senior synonym of this species. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Rana psaltes) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 510. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 302-303, provided a brief account (as Hylarana psaltes) including photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 349, provided an account (as Nidirana psaltes), photographs, and a range map for China. Guo, Yang, and Li, 2009, Colored Illust. Amph. Rept. Taiwan: 96–97, provided a brief account, photographs, and map, as Rana okinavana. See Lyu, Dai, Li, Wan, Liu, Qi, Lin, Wang, Li, Zeng, Li, Pang, and Wang, 2020, ZooKeys, 914: 127–159, for a discussion of the Nidirana adenopleura group and an entry into the extensive reidentifications in the literature of this group. Previous records from Taiwan now assigned to Nidirana shyhhuangi.

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For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist