Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nidirana Dubois, 1992

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Nidirana

15 species

Nidirana Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 324. Type species: Rana psaltes Kuramoto, 1985, by original designation. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Rana. Recognition as a genus by Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237.

Dianrana Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 21. Type species: Rana pleuraden Boulenger, 1904. See comment under Ranidae record.

English Names

Music Frogs (Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 494).

Distribution

Japan, southern China, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam, and intervening Laos.

Comment

Removed from the synonym of Babina (although retained as its sister taxon) on the basis of molecular phylogenetics by Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 483, where it had been placed by Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 248. Chou, 1999, Herpetologica, 55: 389-400, provided a key to the species of the former subgenus Nidirana. Several authors (e.g., Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 3:) have retained Nidirana within Hylarana without having addressed the phylogenetic placement of Nidirana with respect to Babina.Without having established its monophyly, Chuaynkern, Ohler, Inthara, Duengkae, Makchai, and Salangsingha, 2010, Raffles Bull. Zool., 58: 291-310. recognized Nidirana as a separate taxon from Babina, regarded both as subgenera of Rana and without addressing the effect of this on larger issues of ranid taxonomy, and recognized three species groups within their Nidirana. Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 483–502, reported on molecular phylogenetics, placing Babina (sensu stricto) as the sister taxon of Nidirana and together the sister taxon of Odorrana.

Contained taxa (15 sp.):

Nidirana adenopleura (Boulenger, 1909)

Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937)

Nidirana daunchina (Chang, 1933)

Nidirana guangdongensis Lyu, Wan, and Wang, 2020

Nidirana hainanensis (Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2007)

Nidirana leishanensis Li, Wei, Xu, Cui, Fei, Jiang, Liu, and Wang, 2019

Nidirana lini (Chou, 1999)

Nidirana mangveni Lyu, Qi, and Y.-y. Wang, 2020

Nidirana nankunensis Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017

Nidirana occidentalis Lyu, Chen, Yang, Zeng, Wang, Zhao, Wan, Pang, and Wang, 2020

Nidirana okinavana (Boettger, 1895)

Nidirana pleuraden (Boulenger, 1904)

Nidirana xiangica Lyu and Wang, 2020

Nidirana yaoica Lyu, Mo, Wan, Li, Pang, and Wang, 2019

Nidirana yeae Wei, Li, Liu, Cheng, Xu, and Wang, 2020

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