Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hynobius boulengeri (Thompson, 1912)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius boulengeri

Pachypalaminus boulengeri Thompson, 1912, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 3: 184. Holotype: CAS 33192, by original designation. Type locality: "Odaigahara Mt., Yamato Province, Honshu [Island], Japan".

Pseudosalamandra giga Tago, 1929, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, 41: 431. Nomen nudum. Synonymy by Brame, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 20.

Pseudosalamadra boulengeri — Tago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 36.

Pachypalaminus boulengeri — Sato, 1937, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 7: 42.

Hynobius (Pachypalaminus) boulengeri — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 13; Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 95–96; Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Hynobius boulengeri — Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 77; Nishio, Matsui, and Tasumi, 1987, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 21: 307–315.

English Names

Boulenger's Oriental Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Odaigahara Mountain Salamander (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 21).

Odaigahara Salamander (Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 10).

Distribution

Japan on southern Honshu (Kii Peninsula), Kyushu (Mount Sobom Prefecture of Oita), Shikoku, and Amakusa Islands and the Osumi Peninsula (see comment).

Comment

Not assigned to species group. Nishikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Sato, 2001, Herpetologica, 57: 281–294, reported on geographic allozymic variation that suggests that there are four species masquerading under that name. See accounts by Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 96–98, Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 10–12, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 53–54. Nishikawa, Matsui, and Tanabe, 2005, Herpetologica, 61: 54-62, reported on biochemical biogeography in Kyushu, Japan. Nishikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Sato, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 752–766, restricted the name Hynobius boulengeri to populations from Honshu and, more problematically, to populations on Kyushu (although evidence suggests that these populations are more closely related to Hynboius stejnegeri) and Amakusa Islands. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 550. Zheng, Peng, Murphy, Kuro-o, Hu, Hu, and Zeng, 2012, Asian Herpetol. Res., Ser. 2, 3: 288–302, also suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that Hynobius boulengeri (sensu stricto) is restricted to Honshu Island and the other populations likely belong to unnamed species. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 72, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 56–57, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.