Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius lichenatus

Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 12: 165. Holotype: BMNH 1946.9.6.49 (formerly 1883.8.23.l) according to Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 10, and museum records. Type locality: "Awomori" [= Aomori], Honshu Island, Japan.

Hynobius echigoensis Shibata, 1930, Amoeba, Tokyo, 4: 14–25. Holotype: XXX. Type locality: XXX. Synonymy by Okada, 1937, Saito Ho-on Kwai Mus. Res. Bull., 12: 180.

Hynobius (Hynobius) lichenatus — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 9. Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

Common Names

Aomori Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Tohuko Salamander (Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 16).

Northeastern Salamander (Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 74).

Distribution

Tohoku area (comprising Aomori, Iwate, Akita, and Miyagi Prefectures), Honshu, Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

Sugawara, Fujiwara, Azuma, Sugawara, Kuraishi, and Nagano, 2023, Am. J. Zool., 6: 26–45, partitioned on the basis of mtDNA phylogenetics and comparative morphology former Hynobius lichenatus into three species, with Hynobius unanngso for the southern part of the former range, Hynobius senzanensis for the central part, and restricted the name Hynobius lichenatus to the northern part of the former distribution. Earlier literature (below) should be used with caution.

In the Hynobius lichenatus group. See Matsui, 1980, Japan. J. Herpetol., 8: 103–111, and Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 61–64, for discussion. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 16–18, provided an account, map, and photograph. Aoki, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2013, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 30: 167–173, reported on mtDNA phylogeography. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 68, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 74–76, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 96–98, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including polygon maps).

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist