Hynobius naevius (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius naevius

Salamandra naevia Temminck and Schlegel, 1838, Fauna Japonica, 3: 122. Syntypes: Not stated, but clearly including animals figured in pl. 4, figs. 4-6, and Pl. 5, figs. 9-10 of the original publication; including RMNH 2305 (2 larvae), 2306 (12 adults), MNHNP 4690 (according to Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 93, and Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 46), NHMW 22907 (according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 16, and Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 43), MCZ 7365 (according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 334), CAS 64467-68 (according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 46), ZMUC (according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 46), and BMNH 1838.1.11.2.1.a-d (by museum records); RMNH 2306A designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 96. Type locality: "Japon"; given as "dans les provinces Sagami, Sinano, Tanba, Tazima et Tosa", Honshu and Shikoku Is., Japan, by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 96; restricted (apparently in error) to "Mimasaku, Bizen, Okayama", Japan, by Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 55. Tominaga and Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 940-944, discussed why (p. 944) "Probably they [the syntypes] were collected from suburbs or adjacent localities of the city of Nagasaki" in northwestern Kyushu, Japan, and why previous restriction of the type locality are in error.

Pseudosalamandra naevia — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 92.

Molge naevia — Bonaparte, 1839, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 26): unnumbered.

Ellipsoglossa naevia — Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 99.

Hynobius naevius — Cope, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 11: 125; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 32.

Hynobius (Hynobius) naevius naevius — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 11.

Hynobius (Hynobius) naevius — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Hynobius (Makihynobius) naevius —  Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 593. 

Common Names

Sagami Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Japanese Salamander (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 21).

Blotched Salamander (Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 18).

Distribution

Mountainous regions of northwestern Kyushu Is., Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

In the Hynobius naevius group. See accounts by Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 75-79, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 51-52. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 18-20, provided an account, map, and photograph. Tominaga, Matsui, Nishikawa, Tanabe, and Sato, 2005, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 33: 921-937, provided allozyme evidence of two species under this name, one in Chugoku and northern Kyushu and another in Shikoku, southern Kyushu, and Chubu-Kinki, the latter of which subsequently was identifed by Tominaga and Matsui, 2008, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 25: 107-114, as Hynobius yatsui. Tominaga, Matsui, Nishikawa, Tanabe, and Sato, 2005, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 22: 1229-1244, discussed morphological divergence of the two genetic groups under Hynobius naevius. Tominaga, Matsui, Nishikawa, and Tanabe, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 38: 677-684, suggested on the basis of mtDNA studies that four groups were consistently recognizable: (1) northwestern Kyushu; (2) Chugoku and northeastern Kyushu; (3) western Shikoku and Kyushu; and (4) Chubu-Kinki and central-eastern Shikoku. Sakamoto, Nishikawa, and Matsui, 2005, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 24: 67-77, reported on an unnamed species under this name from central Honshu, inferred from allozymes and morphology. Tominaga and Matsui, 2007, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 24: 940-944, documented that the name Hynobius naevius applies to the northwestern Kyushu population and that the other populations from 1) Chugoku and northeastern Kyushu; 2) southwestern and central Honshu I. and 3) all of Shikoku represent unnamed species. See comment under Hynobius yatsui. Zheng, Peng, Murphy, Kuro-o, Hu, Hu, and Zeng, 2012, Asian Herpetol. Res., Ser. 2, 3: 288-302, also reported on evidence of cryptic species related to nominal Hynobius naevius. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 71, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 77–79, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species.  Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019, Zootaxa, 4550: 525–544, revised the Hynobius naevius group, naming Hynobius semanotus and Hynobius oyamai. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 106–108, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). 

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