Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hynobius tokyoensis Tago, 1931

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius tokyoensis

Hynobius tokyoesis Tago, 1929, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, 41: 430. Nomen nudum.

Hynobius tokyoensis Tago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 114, pl. 10. Holotype: TIU 805, now lost; by implication of statements by Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2, that collection destroyed in WWII. Type locality: Tanishimura, Nishitama County, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. Given as "Nishitama, Tokyo", Japan by Okada, 1934, Copeia, 1934: 17.

Hynobius tokyoeusis Tago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 35. Incorrect original spelling.

Hynobius (Hynobius) nebulosus tokyoensis — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 7. Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 48.

Hynobius tokyoensis — Okouchi, 1979, in Sengoku (ed.), Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 98.

Hynobius (Hynobius) tokyoensis — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Common Names

Tokyo Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 32).

Distribution

Four isolated populations: (1) central Saitama Prefecture to western and Tokyo Prefecture; (2) southeastern Kanagawa Prefecture; (3)southern and eastern Chiba Prefecture; and (4) central to southwestern Tochigi Prefecture, all on east-central Honshu, Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

In the Hynobius nebulosus group by implication. Matsui, Nishikawa, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2001, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B—Comp. Biochem., 130: 181-189, documented that populations of the type locality of Hynobius tokyoensis are more closely related to Hynobius lichenatus than to other populations of "Hynobius tokyoensis" from the Nagoya Region, which are more closely related to Hynobius nebulosus. Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 51-52, provided a brief account. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 3234, provided an account, map, and photograph. See brief account by Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 47-48. Ogano, Kasahara, Yagi, Tanaka, and Yoshino, 2007, Bull. Herpetol. Soc. Japan, 2007: 9-14, discussed the range and population status in Chiba Prefecture. Matsui, Tominaga, Hayashi, Misawa, and Tanabe, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 204-207, reported on phylogeography and suggested that Hynobius tokyoensis is the sister taxon of Hynobius nebulosus and together the sister taxon of Hynobius lichenatus. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 552. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 70, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 93–95, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Matsui, Misawa, Yoshikawa, and Nishikawa, 2022, Zootaxa, 5168: 207–221, attached the name Hynobius tokyoensis to their clade B and named Hynobius sengokui for their clade A. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 101–103, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.