Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hynobius tsuensis Abé, 1922

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius tsuensis

Hynobius tsuensis Abé, 1922, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, 34: 331. Syntypes: Not designated, but including ZIHU 1016a, 2 others not traced. ZIHU 1016a considered "type" by Sato, 1937, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 7: 36, and considered holotype by Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 17. Types lost during WWII according to Niwa, Nishikawa, Matsui, Kanamori, and Kuro-o, 2023, Zootaxa, 5339: 222, who designated KUHE 58656 neotype. Type locality: Southern Tsushima, Japan; given as "Izuhara, Tsushima", Japan by Sato, 1937, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 7: 36. Neotype from "Shimobaru (34°13' N latitude, 129°15' E longitude, alt. 183 m above sea level), Izuhara, Tsushima City (Shimojima of Tsushima Islands), Nagasaki Prefecture", Japan.

Hynobius bicolor Dunn, 1923, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 28. Holotype: CAS 26447, by original designation. Type locality: "Tsushima, South Island, in the Korean straits", Japan. Synonymy by Dunn, 1923, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 58: 490; Okada, 1934, Copeia, 1934: 18.

Hynobius nebulosus tsuensis — Mori, 1928, Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. J., 6: 2.

Hynobius tsuensis — Oyama, 1930, Copeia, 1930: 156.

Hynobius (Hynobius) tsuensis — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 7. Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Common Names

Tsushima Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 34).

Distribution

Tsushima Islands (excluding the southern part of Kamijima, former Toyotama-machi), in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Japan, at elevations of 25 m to 270 m.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

In the Hynobius nebulosus group. See comments by Oyama, 1930, Copeia, 1930: 155-156, regarding its taxonomic history. Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 52-54, and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 48, provided brief accounts. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 66–67, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 95–96, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Niwa, Kuro-o, and Nishikawa, 2021, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 38: 259–266 (mtDNA; cyt b) and Niwa, Yoshikawa, Nishikawa, and Matsui, 2022, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 41: 125–131 (microsatellite data) found that nominal Hynobius tsuensis is composed of two independent lineages. These authors did not investigate the application of the two species names in synonymy. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 90–92, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map), and also noting that the name Hynobius tagoi might be available for the second lineage. Niwa, Nishikawa, Matsui, Kanamori, and Kuro-o, 2023, Zootaxa, 5339: 201–236, subsequently removed Hynobius tagoi from synonymy.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.