Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Plethodontinae > Genus: Aneides > Species: Aneides lugubris

Triton tereticauda Eschscholtz, 1833, Zool. Atlas, Part 5: 14. Type(s): Not stated or known to exist, but by implication of statements regarding the types of Triton ensatus Eschscholtz, possibly originally in Dorpat (Germany) or Rostock (Estonia). Type locality: "Bei der Niederlassung Ross" (= Fort Ross), California, USA. Suppressed for the purposes of the Law of Priority but not for those of the Law of Homonymy by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 377, Anonymous, 1956, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 11: 401–410; and therefore placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. Provisional synonymy by Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 127, and Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 211.

Salamandra lugubris Hallowell, 1849 "1848", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 4: 126. Holotype: Not stated; ANSP 1257, according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 23; Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348. Type locality: "Monterey, [Monterey County,] Upper California", USA. Given incorrectly by Baird, 1851, in Heck (ed.), Icon. Encycl. Sci. Lit. Art, 2: 257, as "Island of Maui, one of the Sandwich Islands". Placed on the Official List of Specific Names by Opinion 377, Anonymous, 1956, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 11: 401–410.

Taricha ? lugubris — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 26.

Ambystoma punctulatum Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 37. Holotype: BMNH 1946.9.6.64 (formerly 1850.I.III.4.5), according to museum records. Type locality: "Monterey, California", USA. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 52.

Aneides lugubris — Baird, 1851, in Heck (ed.), Icon. Encycl. Sci. Lit. Art, 2: 257; Baird and Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 302.

Amblystoma punctulatum — Cooper, 1873, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4: 64.

Anaides lugubris — Garman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 38, by implication.

Plethodon crassulus Cope, 1886, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 23: 521. Holotype: USNM 9447, by original designation, and according to Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 220; and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 19. Type locality: "California", USA. Synonymy (with Plethodon intermedius [= Plethodon vehiculum]) by Van Denburgh, 1916, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 6: 220, and Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 54. Synonymy by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 211; Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 19..

Autodax lugubris — Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 19: 67.

Aneides lugubris lugubris — Van Denburgh, 1905, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 4: 5; Grinnell and Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 134.

Autodax lugubris farallonensis Van Denburgh, 1905, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 4: 5. Holotype: CAS 3731 (Destroyed in 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire according to Slevin and Leviton, 1956, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 28: 535). Type locality: "South Farallon Island", California.

Aneides lugubris farallonensis — Grinnell and Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 133.

Aneides (Aneides) lugubris — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 117.

English Names

Mournful Salamander (Cooper, 1873, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4: 64).

Speckled Salamander (Amblystoma punctulatum [no longer recognized]: Cooper, 1873, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4: 64).

Sad-colored Anaides (Aneides lugubris: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).

Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 50; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 9; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 19; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 181; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 28; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 11; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 24; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 24).

Farallon Island Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173).

Farallon Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 343).

Farallon Yellow-dotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 74).

Farallon Yellow-spotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 343).

Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Grinnell and Storer, 1924, Animal Life in the Yosemite: 653; Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 340; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29).

California Yellow-spotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 71).

Oak Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173).

Distribution

Coast Ranges of California (USA) from Humboldt County to northern Baja California Norte (Mexico) in the vicinity of Valle Santo Tomás; foothills of the Sierra Nevada from Calaveras to Madera counties, California (USA); South Farallon, Catalina, and Los Coronados Islands, off the coast of California and Baja California Norte, Mexico.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Mexico, United States of America, United States of America - California

Comment

See accounts by Lynch and Wake, 1974, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 159: 1–2, Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 322–325, and Staub and Wake, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 662–664. Sessions and Kezer, 1987, Chromosoma, Berlin, 95: 17–30, noted two karyological races that intergrade in Mendocino County, California, USA. Grismer, 2002, Amph. Rept. Baja California: 56–57, provided an account for the Mexican populations. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 181–182, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 412, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Reilly, Corl, and Wake, 2015, BMC Evol. Biol., 15 (241): 117, reported on molecular phylogeography of Aneides lugubris which suggested that it is composed of at least two and possibly three lineages/species, which they chose not to name. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 962–964, provided an account summarizing morphology, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.