Salamandrina terdigitata (Bonnaterre, 1789)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Salamandrininae > Genus: Salamandrina > Species: Salamandrina terdigitata

Salamandra ter-digitata Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Table following page 618 and referencing account starting on page 496. Type(s): Not stated, although including animals figure on plate facing page 496 of 4to edition; holotype is MNHNP 4658 according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 76. Type locality: "Vésuve" = Vesuvius, Italy. Synonymy (with Sieranota perspicillata) by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25, and Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 69. Work (and all contained names) suppressed as nonbinominal by Opinion 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55.).

Salamandra Ter-digitata Bonnaterre, 1789, Tab. Encyclop. Method. Trois Reg. Nat., Erp.: 64. Type(s): as for Salamandra ter-digitata Lacépède, 1788. Type locality: as for Salamandra ter-digitata Lacépède, 1788.

Salamandra tridactyla Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 261. Type(s): Not designated; MNHNP 4658 is holotype according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 77 (who regards this as a substitute name for Salamandra ter-digitata Lacépède). Type locality: "Vésuve" (= Vesuvius), Italy. Synonymy (with Seiranota perspicillata) by Bonaparte, 1840, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 2: 450; Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25. Synonymy (with Salamandrina perspicillata) by Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 63, and Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 69; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 28.

Molge tridactyla — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 188.

Triton tridactylus — Schinz, 1822, Thierr. Naturgesch., 2: 186.

Salamandra imperati Costa, 1828, Fauna Aspromonte: 78. Type(s): Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: Fiume Ferraina, Aspromonte, southern Italy. Synonymy by Brame, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 80.

Salamandrina terdigitata — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 450; Mertens and Müller, 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 451: 13.

English Names

Spectacle Salamander (Hellmich, 1962, Rept. Amph. Eur.: 53).

Spectacled Salamander (Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 39; Bruno, 1973, Natura, Milano, 64: 289; Arnold and Burton, 1978, Field Guide Rept. Amph. Brit. Eur.: 35; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 33; Stumpel-Rienks, 1992, Ergänzungsband Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., Trivialnamen der Herpetofauna Eur.: 62; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 36).

Southern Spectacled Salamander (Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 71).  

Distribution

Italy in the Apennines southeast of Naples to the tip of Calabria, Italy; reported also in central Apulia on the Basilicata border in Italy.

Comment

See accounts (in the sense of also including what is now Salamandrina perspicillata) by Bruno, 1973, Natura, Milano, 64: 289–299, Nöllert and Nöllert, 1992, Die Amph. Eur.: 185–188, and Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 239–244. See also discussion of relevant literature and distribution by Vanni and Nistri, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 70–71. Zuffi, 1999, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(1): 229–246, provided an extensive review of biology. Obst in Engelmann, Fritzsche, Günther, and Obst, 1993, Lurche Kriechtiere Eur.: 83–85, provided a brief account, figure, and map. See comment under Salamandrina perspicillata. Work (and all contained names) suppressed as nonbinominal by Opinion 2104 (Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: XXX). Mattoccia, Romano, and Sbordoni, 2005, Zootaxa, 995: 1–19. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 150–151, provided a brief account, figure, and map. See detailed account by Angelini, Vanni, and Vignoli, 2007, in Lanza et al. (eds.), Fauna d'Italia, 42 (Amph.): 228–237. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 338–339, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Romano, Mattoccia, Marta, Bogaerts, Pasmans, and Sbordoni, 2009, Ital. J. Zool., 76: 422–432, distinguished the species from Salamandrina perspicillata. Speybroeck, Beukema, and Crochet, 2010, Zootaxa, 2492: 5, discussed the literature surrounding the distinctiveness of the two species. Liuzzi, Mastropasqua, and Salvi, 2011, Acta Herpetol., Firenze, 6: 315–321, discussed the range of the species and provided a record for Apulia, Italy. Hauswaldt, Angelini, Gehara, Benavides, Polok, and Steinfartz, 2014, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 70: 1–12, reported on molecular phylogeography. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 71–72, provided a compact account and distribution map. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 169, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Macaluso, Villa, Pitruzzella, Rook, Pogoda, Kupfer, and Delfino, 2020, J. Morphol., 281: 1391–1410, discussed osteology.   

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