Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Uraeotyphlus Peters, 1880

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Ichthyophiidae > Genus: Uraeotyphlus

8 species

Uraeotyphlus Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 933. Type species: Coecilia oxyura Duméril and Bibron, 1841.

Uraetyphlus — Werner, 1899, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 49: 144. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

English Names

Indian Caecilians (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 26).

Distribution

Western Ghats of southwestern India.

Comment

Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 172: 59-76, provided keys and accounts for the species. See comment under Ichthyophiidae. Gower and Wilkinson, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 401-410, recognized two species group, the Uraeotyphlus malabaricus group (Uraeotyphlus oommeni and Uraeotyphlus malabaricus) and the Uraeotyphlus oxyurus group (including Uraeotyphlus interruptus, Uraeotyphlusmenoni, Uraeotyphlus narayani, and Uraeotyphlus oxyurus). Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39-78, discussed evidence for this taxon. Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum, and Wilkinson, 2008, Herpetologica, 64: 235-245, continued recognition of this taxon as composing a monotypic family, Uraeotyphlidae, within a larger unranked taxon, Diatriata, composed of Uraeotyphlidae and the paraphyletic residue "Ichthyophiidae". Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39-78 [56], rediagnosed the taxon. Venu, Rajendran, Venkatachalaiah, and Gower, 2011, Cytogenet. Genome Res., 132: 182-187, provided karyological data in support of the species groups. Venu, Rajendran, Raju, Browne, Ramakrishna, and Venkatachalaiah, 2021, Ichthyol. & Herpetol., 109: 443–448, discussed karyotypic evolution within the genus.

Contained taxa (8 sp.):

Uraeotyphlus bombayensis (Taylor, 1960)

Uraeotyphlus gansi Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum, and Wilkinson, 2008

Uraeotyphlus interruptus Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999

Uraeotyphlus malabaricus (Beddome, 1870)

Uraeotyphlus menoni Annandale, 1913

Uraeotyphlus narayani Seshachar, 1939

Uraeotyphlus oommeni Gower and Wilkinson, 2007

Uraeotyphlus oxyurus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist