Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Brasilotyphlus Taylor, 1968

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Siphonopidae > Genus: Brasilotyphlus

3 species

Brasilotyphlus Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World: 342. Type species: Gymnopis braziliensis Dunn, 1945, by original designation.

English Names

Brazilian Caecilians (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 23).

Distribution

Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima, and Pará, Brazil (see comment).

Comment

Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39-78 [61], diagnosed the taxon and noted that its relationships are unclear, with similarities to Boulengerula and Microcaecilia. Maciel, Mott, and Hoogmoed, 2009, Zootaxa, 2226: 19-27, discussed the diagnosis of the genus and implied that the reciprocal monophyly of Brasilotyphlus and Microcaecilia has not been documented. Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011, Zootaxa, 2984: 18, noted an unnamed species in Roraima, Brazil, and suggested that Brasilotyphlus and Microcaecilia may ultimately be placed in synonymy because of the lack of diagnosability. Wilkinson, O'Connor, and Nussbaum, 2013, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 744: 1-12, reviewed the morphology. Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas-Zamora, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo, and Werneck, 2017, ZooKeys, 715: 103–159, reported an unnamed Brasilotyphlus from the Serra da Mocidade, state of Roraima, northern Brazil, and presented additional phylogenetic information that casts doubt on the generic separation of Microcaecilia and Brasilotyphlus. Correia, Nunes, Gamble, Maciel, Marques-Souza, Fouquet, Rodrigues, and Mott, 2018, Zootaxa, 4527: 186–196, provided a molecular basis for questioning the recognition of this genus separate from Microcaecilia.

Contained taxa (3 sp.):

Brasilotyphlus braziliensis (Dunn, 1945)

Brasilotyphlus dubium Correia, Nunes, Gamble, Maciel, Marques-Souza, Fouquet, Rodrigues, and Mott, 2018

Brasilotyphlus guarantanus Maciel, Mott, and Hoogmoed, 2009

External links:

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