Salamandrina perspicillata (Savi, 1821)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Salamandrininae > Genus: Salamandrina > Species: Salamandrina perspicillata

Salamandra perspicillata Savi, 1821, Bibliot. Ital., Ossia Giorn. Lett. Sci. Art., Milano, 22: 228. Syntypes: Not stated; MZUT An584 (2 specimens) according to Gavetti and Andreone, 1993, Cat. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat., Torino, 10: 25. Böhme and Bischoff, 1984, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 19: 166, and Böhme, 2014, Mertensiella, 21: 86, reported a syntype as missing from the ZFMK. Type locality: "dell' Apennino toscano, e specialmente in quello del Mugello", Italy.

Salamandrina perspicillataFitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 41, 66; Schulze, 1891, Jahresber. Abhandl. Naturwiss. Ver. Magdeburg, 1890: 170.

Seiranota condylura Barnes, 1826, Am. J. Sci. Arts, 11: 278. Type(s): Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "Appenines of Tuscany, and especially at Mugello", Italy. Synonymy (with Salamandrina perspicillata) by Bonaparte, 1837, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 19): unnumbered page; Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 63; Camerano, 1885, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 36: 420; Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 69, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 28.

Salamandra savi Cuvier, 1829, Regne Animal., Ed. 2, 2: 115. Substitute name for Salamandra perspicillata attributed to Gosse, 1829. Synonymy by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 345.

Salamandra (Salamandra) perspcillata Van der Hoeven, 1833, Handb. Dierkd., 2: 307.

Geotriton savi Bonaparte, 1837, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 19): unnumbered. Source is Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 47.

Salamandrina perspicillataTschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 93; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 28.

Seiranota perspicillataBonaparte, 1839, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 26): unnumbered.

English Names

Northern Spectacled Salamander (Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 71). 

Distribution

Italy in the Apennines from northwest of Naples to northwestern Italy.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Italy

Endemic: Italy

Comment

Mattoccia, Romano, and Sbordoni, 2005, Zootaxa, 995: 1–19, provided evidence from mtDNA that two species exist under this name and partitioned former Salamandrina terdigitata. Canestrelli, Zangari, and Nascetti, 2006, Herpetol. J., 16: 221–227, subsequently provided allozymic evidence of the distinctiveness of Salamandrina perspicillata. Literature prior to this conflates the two species. Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 69, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 28 (under Salamandrina perspicillata) had considered the two species to be conspecific. See detailed account by Angelini, Vanni, and Vignoli, 2007, in Lanza et al. (eds.), Fauna d'Italia, 42 (Amph.): 228–237. Romano, Mattoccia, Marta, Bogaerts, Pasmans, and Sbordoni, 2009, Ital. J. Zool., 76: 422–432, distinguished the species from Salamandrina terdigitata. Liuzzi, Mastropasqua, and Salvi, 2011, Acta Herpetol., Firenze, 6: 315–321, provided a record for extreme northwestern Apulia, Italy. Hauswaldt, Angelini, Gehara, Benavides, Polok, and Steinfartz, 2014, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 70: 1–12, reported on molecular phylogeography. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 191, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 335–338, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 71–72, provided a compact account and distribution map. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 168, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Macaluso, Villa, Pitruzzella, Rook, Pogoda, Kupfer, and Delfino, 2020, J. Morphol., 281: 1391–1410, discussed osteology. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 261–263, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).  

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