Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Centroleninae > Genus: Espadarana
5 species

Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 33. Type species: Centrolenella andinaRivero, 1968, by original designation.

Audaciella Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 174. Type species: Centrolenella audax Lynch and Duellman, 1973. Synonymy by implication of Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 1–72, and Ron, García, Brito-Zapata, Reyes-Puig, Figueroa-Coronel, and Cisneros-Heredia, 2024, Zoosyst. Evol., 100: Suppl. material 1. 

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Elevations below 2500 m in the lowlands and mountains of Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), the Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador, and the cloud forests of the Andes in Colombia, Cordillera de Mérida, and Serranía del Perijá in Venezuela; low montane evergreen forest on the Amazonian versant of Andes in northern Peru (Departamento San Martín), as well as foothills of the Cordillera Oriental and lowlands of Ecuador (Napo, Morona Santiago, Sucumbíos, and Zamora Chinchipe provinces), and Colombia (departments of Huila [eastern slope of Cordillera Central], Putumayo, Cauca, Caquetá, and Boyacá [eastern slope of Cordillera Oriental]), 800 to 1900 m elevation. 

Comment

 Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 120, compared the species of Central America and provided an identification key, maps, and photographs. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 451, found Espadarana (sensu lato) to be paraphyletic with respect to Sachatamia + Rulyrana, requiring recognition of a new genus, Audaciella. However, subsequent workers (e.g., Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 1–72, and Ron, García, Brito-Zapata, Reyes-Puig, Figueroa-Coronel, and Cisneros-Heredia, 2024, Zoosyst. Evol., 100: Suppl. material 1) provided results showing Espadarana (sensu lato) to be monophyletic. 

Contained taxa (5 sp.):

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