Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nymphargus megistus (Rivero, 1985)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Subfamily: Centroleninae > Genus: Nymphargus > Species: Nymphargus megistus

Centrolenella megista Rivero, 1985, Brenesia, 23: 353. Holotype: MHNCSJ 0294, by original designation; lost according to Rada and Guayasamin, 2008, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 48: 93, who designated MHNCSJ 0291 as neotype. Type locality: "Urrao, Parque Las Orquídeas (Polo), 1700–1800 m, Antioquia, Colombia". Neotype is from the original type locality.

Centrolenella megistra Rivero, 1985, Brenesia, 23: 353. Incorrect original spelling according to Rada and Guayasamin, 2008, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 48: 92.

Cochranella megistra — Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 22.

Cochranella megista — Rada and Guayasamin, 2008, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 48: 92.

"Cochranella" megista — Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 57.

Nymphargus megistus — Trageser, Maynard, Culebras, Kohn, Quezada Riera, and Guayasamin, 2021, Phyllomedusa, 20: 30.

Common Names

Urrao Cochran Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 47).

Greater Andean Glassfrog (Trageser, Maynard, Culebras, Kohn, Quezada Riera, and Guayasamin, 2021, Phyllomedusa, 20: 30).

Distribution

Western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in Antioquia, Risaralda, Valle de Cauca, and Chocó departments, Colombia (4° 50′ N–7° 20′ N), 1700–2100 m elevation; cloud forest in Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura Province, and near Mindo, Pichincha Province, northwestern Ecuador, 1850 to 1857 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Ecuador

Comment

In the Cochranella ocellata group according to Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 57: 1–30. Placed in the Cochranella spinosa group by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 365. See account by Rada and Guayasamin, 2008, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 48: 89–101. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Cochranella megistra) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 613. Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 57, considered this species to be incertae sedis within Centroleninae. Trageser, Maynard, Culebras, Kohn, Quezada Riera, and Guayasamin, 2021, Phyllomedusa, 20: 27–35, provided molecular evidence to place this species unambiguously in Nymphargus, the sister taxon of Nymphargus grandisonae, and they provided the first records from Ecuador (Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura Province, and near Mindo, Pichincha Province), both in Chocoan northwestern Ecuador, including discussion of morphology and natural history.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.