Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Dryophytes immaculatus (Boettger, 1888)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Dryophytes > Species: Dryophytes immaculatus

Hyla chinensis var. immaculata Boettger, 1888, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 1888: 189. Holotype: Not stated; given as SMF 2310 (formerly 1381.2b) by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 41. Type locality: "Shanghai", Zhejiang, China.

Hyla arborea var. immaculata — Boettger, 1892, Kat. Batr. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges.: 43.

Hyla chinensis var. immaculata — Boettger, 1895, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 10: 189.

Hyla arborea immaculata — Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 146; Boring, 1930, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 5: 47; Boring, 1938 "1938–1939", Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 13: 95; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 127; Tian, Jiang, Wu, Hu, Zhao, and Huang, 1986, Handb. Chinese Amph. Rept.: 58.

Hyla immaculata — Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54: 561; Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 464; Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 25; Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 140–141.

Hyla (Hyla) immaculata — Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 331, by implication.

Dryophytes immaculatus — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 23.

Common Names

Spotless Tree Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 140).

North China Tree Toad (Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 29).

Chinese Immaculate Treefrog (Borzée, Messenger, Chae, Andersen, Groffen, Kim, An, Othman, Ri, Nam, Bae, Ren, Li, Chuang, Yi, Shin, Kwon, Jang, and Min, 2020, PLoS One, 15(6: e0234299): 22).

Distribution

Eastern-central China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing [doubtful], Fujian [questionable], Guizhou [questionable], Guangdong [questionable], Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan [doubtful], Zhejiang). See comment regarding the confidence in the range statement.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

In the Hyla arborea group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 101–102 (see comment under Hyla). In the Hyla immaculata group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 99. Hua, Fu, Li, Nieto-Montes de Oca, and Wiens, 2009, Herpetologica, 65: 246–259, presented molecular evidence for its placement in the Hyla japonica group; this confirmed by Li, Wang, Nian, Litvinchuk, Wang, Li, Rao, and Klaus, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 87: 80–90. See account (as Hyla arborea immaculata) by Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 127–128, Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 186. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 142–143, provided a brief account, map, and figure. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 160, provided a brief account and illustration. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 49, provided an account (as Hyla arborea immaculata) for Zhejiang populations. Zhang, 2002, Sichuan J. Zool., 21: 198–199, provided a key to differentiate this species from others in China. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 595–600, provided an account and spot map. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 254–255, provided a brief account including photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 286, provided an account, illustrations, and a range map. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 852–854, provided an account, photograph, and spot map, as Hyla immaculata. Shen, 2014, Fauna Hunan, Amph.: 187–189, provided a detailed account (as Hyla immaculata) for Hunan, China. Li, 2011, Amph. Rept. Guangdong: 36, provided a brief account (as Hyla immaculata) for Guangdong, China, and photograph. Zhang, 2017, Amph. Rept. Fanjing Mts.: 104–105, provided taxonomic and natural history information for the Fanjing Mountains population (as Hyla immaculata) in northeastern Guizhou, China. Borzée, Kong, Didinger, Nguyen, and Jang, 2018, Herpetol. J., 28: 160–170, discussed mtDNA phylogeography and osteological and morphological differences from Dryophytes suweonensis (in the sense of including Dryophytes flaviventris). Previous records from Korea are referable to Dryophytes flaviventris and Dryophytes suweonensis. Note that the range map(s) from IUCN and AmphibiaChina, rendered together by Borzée, Kong, Didinger, Nguyen, and Jang, 2018, Herpetol. J., 28: 162, are substantially restricted with respect to the range stated above, which suggests a substantial number of misidentifications in the older literature. Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 37–42, provided a detailed account (distribution including a polygon map, habitat, ecology, conservation, photos of larvae and adults, identification tools) for northeastern Asia.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.