Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Brachytarsophrys carinense (Boulenger, 1889)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Brachytarsophrys > Species: Brachytarsophrys carinense

Leptobrachium carinense Boulenger, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 27: 748. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.24.88–91 (formerly 1893.10.9.47–50) by museum records, and NHMW 2291.1–2 (according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 23), and MSNG; MSNG 29689 designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 211. See brief discussion by Hallermann, 2006, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 103: 138. Type locality: "Western slope of Karens Mountains, East of Toungoo, at an altitude of 800 metres and upwards", Myanmar.

Megalophrys carinensis — Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 12: 186 [based on specimens of Megophrys feae according to Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 218, and Boulenger, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 427.

Megophrys carinensis — Pope and Boring, 1940, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 30; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 218; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 51.

Megophrys (Megophrys) carinensis — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 472.

Brachytarsophrys carinensis — Tian and Hu, 1983, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 2 (2): 43; Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 116; Rao and Yang, 1997, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 7: 98; .

Megophrys (Brachytarsophrys) carinensis — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 23; Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 754.

Brachytarsophrys carinense — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17. Treatment of the species name, correctly, as a noun in apposition.

Common Names

Karin Hills Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 85).

Broad-headed Short-legged Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 102; see comment).

Red Spine-eyed Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 82).

Red Horn Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 82).

Burmese Horned Frog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 80).

Karin Horned Toad (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 34).

Karen Horned Toadfrog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 28).

Distribution

Southern Myanmar and adjacent western Thailand, south to Surat Thani Province. See comment. See comment.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Myanmar, Thailand

Comment

See accounts by Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 196–197; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 216–217; Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 292–295. Chinese records apply to Megophrys platyparietus, according to to Li, Zhang, Lyu, Wang, Li, Liu, Chen, Rao, Jin, Zhang, and Wang, 2020, Zool. Res., Kunming: 105–122. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 82, provided a brief characterization and photograph. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 80–81, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 177, provided a brief account, with photographs, and larval illustration Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 124, detailed the range in Thailand. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 144–145, provided a brief account (photograph, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). In the Brachytarsophrys carinense group of Li, Zhang, Lyu, Wang, Li, Liu, Chen, Rao, Jin, Zhang, and Wang, 2020, Zool. Res., Kunming: 105–122, who implied that all Chinese records are now assigned to other species. Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 98, provided a brief account, photographs, and a range map for Thailand. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 28, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. See comment under Brachytarsophrys platyparietus. Not included as part of the Chinese megophryine fauna by Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 380–450.

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