Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Cophylinae Cope, 1889

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Cophylinae

115 species

Cophylidae Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 248. Type genus: Cophyla Boettger, 1880.

Rhombophryninae Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 529. Type genus: Rhombophryne Boettger, 1880. Synonymy by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 32.

Cophylinae — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 10, 32.

Cophylidae — Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 358.

Cophylini — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 210. Tribe.

Anodonthylina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 210. Type genus: Anodonthyla Müller, 1892. Subtribe.

Cophylina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 211. Subtribe.

Platypelina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 211. Type genus: Platypelis Boulenger, 1882.

Rhombophrynina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 211. Tribe. Attributed to Noble, 1931.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Madagascar.

Comment

See Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 140, for accounts of several of the species. See Blommers-Schlösser, 1976, Genetica, 46: 199–210, for karyotypes. Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 46–111, provided accounts for most species, as understood at the time. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, provided an estimate of phylogenetic placement within Microhylidae. van der Meijden, Vences, Hoegg, Boistel, Channing, and Meyer, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 1017–1030, suggested that Cophylinae might be the sister taxon of Scaphiophryninae. See brief account by Glaw and Vences, 2007, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Madagascar, Ed. 3: 118–143, provided accounts for the species. Wollenberg, Vieites, van der Meijden, Glaw, Cannatella, and Vences, 2008, Evolution, 62: 1890–1907, provided a phylogenetic analysis of 36 of 44 of the named species. Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 357–364, considered this taxon a distinct family based on its ancient origin. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested that Cophylinae is the sister taxon of Hoplophryninae.

Contained taxa (115 sp.):

Anilany Scherz, Vences, Rakotoarison, Andreone, Köhler, Glaw, and Crottini, 2016 (1 sp.)

Anodonthyla Müller, 1892 (12 sp.)

Cophyla Boettger, 1880 (7 sp.)

Madecassophryne Guibé, 1973 (1 sp.)

Mini Scherz, Hutter, Rakotoarison, Riemann, Rödel, Ndriantsoa, Glos, Roberts, Crottini, Vences, and Glaw, 2019 (3 sp.)

Platypelis Boulenger, 1882 (16 sp.)

Plethodontohyla Boulenger, 1882 (11 sp.)

Rhombophryne Boettger, 1880 (20 sp.)

Stumpffia Boettger, 1881 (44 sp.)

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