Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Plethodontohyla Boulenger, 1882

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Cophylinae > Genus: Plethodontohyla

11 species

Plethodontohyla Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 473. Type species: Callula notosticta Günther, 1877, by original designation.

Mantipus Peters, 1883, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1883: 165. Type species: Mantipus hildebrandti Peters, 1883 (= Plethodontohyla inguinalis Boulenger, 1882), original designation. Placed in synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 473; Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 47. Recognized by Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 8.

Phrynocara Peters, 1883, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1883: 166. Type species: Phrynocara tuberatum Peters, 1883, by monotypy. Synonymy by Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 12.

Mantiphrys Mocquard, 1895, Bull. Soc. Philomath., Paris, Ser. 8, 7: 132. Type species: Mantiphrys laevipes Mocquard, 1895, by monotypy. Synonymy with Mantipus by Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 8.

Mantophrys — Mocquard, 1909, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 5, 1: 72. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Nomina inquirenda - Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population

Plethodontohyla angulifera Werner, 1903, Zool. Anz., 26: 251. Holotype: IRSNB 4812; Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 10, and Lang, 1990, Doc. Trav., Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg., 59: 10, regarded the holotype as IRSNB 1014 [366]). Type locality: Not stated. * Mantipus anguliferus—Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 10. * Plethodontohyla angulifera—Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 70. * Plethodontohyla angulifer—Duellman, 1993, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 21: 196. Unjustified treating of species name as a noun in apposition. ENGLISH NAME(S): Werner's Digging Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 92). DISTRIBUTION: Unknown, presumably Madagascar. COMMENT: Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 102, doubted the validity of this species as did Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 70. The incorrectly formed combination, Mantipus anguliferus has had some use.

English Names

Digging Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 92).

Distribution

Madagascar.

Comment

See accounts by Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 196. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, suggested that Plethodontohyla is polyphyletic with one group (containing Plethodontohyla inguinalis, Plethodontohyla tuberata, Plethodontohyla bipuncata, Plethodontohyla brevipes, and Plethodontohyla ocellata) placed as the sister taxon of all cophylines other than Anodontohyla, and the other group (composed of Plethodontohyla mihanika, Plethodontohyla fonetana, Plethodontohyla guentheri, and Plethodontohyla notosticta) is the sister taxon of Rhombophryne. The former group has the name Mantipus Peters, 1883, available for it, and the latter retains the name Plethodontohyla Boulenger, 1882.

Contained taxa (11 sp.):

Plethodontohyla alluaudi (Mocquard, 1901)

Plethodontohyla bipunctata (Guibé, 1974)

Plethodontohyla brevipes Boulenger, 1882

Plethodontohyla fonetana Glaw, Köhler, Bora, Rabibisoa, Ramilijaona, and Vences, 2007

Plethodontohyla guentheri Glaw and Vences, 2007

Plethodontohyla inguinalis Boulenger, 1882

Plethodontohyla laevis (Boettger, 1913)

Plethodontohyla mihanika Vences, Raxworthy, Nussbaum, and Glaw, 2003

Plethodontohyla notosticta (Günther, 1877)

Plethodontohyla ocellata Noble and Parker, 1926

Plethodontohyla tuberata (Peters, 1883)

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