Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Uperoleia Gray, 1841

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Myobatrachoidea > Family: Myobatrachidae > Genus: Uperoleia

28 species

Uperoleia Gray, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, 7: 90. Type species: Uperoleia marmorata Gray, 1841, by monotypy.

Hyperolia Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool., Fasc. 12: 384. Unjustified emendation.

Glauertia Loveridge, 1933, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8: 89. Type species: Glauertia russelli Loveridge, 1933, by monotypy. Synonymy by Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 29 (79): 9.

Hosmeria Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 2. Type species: Uperoleia marmorata laevigata Keferstein, 1867, by original designation. Synonymy by Catullo, Doughty, Roberts, and Keogh, 2011, Zootaxa, 2902: 15. See also Tyler, 1985, Herpetol. Rev., 16: 69; Australian Society of Herpetologists, 1987, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 44: 116-121; Tyler, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: 152; Holthius, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45 and decision by ICZN (Anonymous, 1991, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 48: 337-338).

Prohartia Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 3. Type species: Pseudophryne fimbrianus Parker, 1926, by original designation. Synonymy by Catullo, Doughty, Roberts, and Keogh, 2011, Zootaxa, 2902: 15. See Tyler, 1985, Herpetol. Rev., 16: 69; Australian Society of Herpetologists, 1987, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 44: 116-121; Tyler, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: 152; Holthius, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45 and decision by ICZN (Anonymous, 1991, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 48: 337-338).

English Names

Australian Toadlets (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 95).

Distribution

Northern and eastern Australia; southern lowlands of New Guinea.

Comment

The systematics and biology of some Australian species were reviewed by Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 29 (79): 1-64; Davies and Littlejohn, 1986, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust., 110: 111-143; and Davies, McDonald, and Corben, 1986, Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, 98: 147-188. See Barker, Grigg, and Tyler, 1995, Field Guide Aust. Frogs., Ed. 2, for keys and accounts. See comment under Spicospina. Catullo, Doughty, Roberts, and Keogh, 2011, Zootaxa, 2902: 1-43, provided a molecular phylogeny, morphological identification key, and accounts of the species. Catullo, Doughty, and Keogh, 2014, Zootaxa, 3753: 251-262, reported on molecular phylogenetics. Catullo and Keogh, 2014, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 79: 106–117, provided a multi-locus phylogeny of the species and inferred a biogeography driven by cycles of aridification. These authors noted cases where populations of one species contained the mtDNA (e.g., some individuals of Uperoleia inundata) of others and other cases where nuDNA did not recover some species as natural groups (e.g., Uperoleia borealis, Uperoleia lithomoda). Catullo, Lanfear, Doughty, and Keogh, 2014, J. Biogeograph., 41: 659–672, provided a multilocus phylogeny and biogeography of Uperoleia, as well as presenting data on calls and morphology, with special attention to the species of northern Australia.

Contained taxa (28 sp.):

Uperoleia altissima Davies, Watson, McDonald, Trenerry, and Werren, 1993

Uperoleia arenicola Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia aspera Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia borealis Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia crassa Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia daviesae Young, Tyler, and Kent, 2005

Uperoleia fusca Davies, McDonald, and Corben, 1986

Uperoleia glandulosa Davies, Mahony, and Roberts, 1985

Uperoleia gurrumuli Catullo and Keogh, 2021

Uperoleia laevigata Keferstein, 1867

Uperoleia lithomoda Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia littlejohni Davies, McDonald, and Corben, 1986

Uperoleia mahonyi Clulow, Anstis, Keogh, and Catullo, 2016

Uperoleia marmorata Gray, 1841

Uperoleia martini Davies and Littlejohn, 1986

Uperoleia micra Doughty and Roberts, 2008

Uperoleia micromeles Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia mimula Davies, McDonald, and Corben, 1986

Uperoleia minima Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia mjobergii (Andersson, 1916)

Uperoleia orientalis (Parker, 1940)

Uperoleia rugosa (Andersson, 1916)

Uperoleia russelli (Loveridge, 1933)

Uperoleia saxatilis Catullo, Doughty, Roberts, and Keogh, 2011

Uperoleia stridera Catullo, Doughty, and Keogh, 2014

Uperoleia talpa Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia trachyderma Tyler, Davies, and Martin, 1981

Uperoleia tyleri Davies and Littlejohn, 1986

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