Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Neurergus > Species: Neurergus crocatus

Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 343. Holotype: ANSP 25670 (originally 1480), according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 347. Type locality: Not designated; stated to be "Ooremiah, Persia" (= Lake Urmia, Iran) by Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 27.

Neurergus crocatus — Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 196.

Molge crocata — Boulenger, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890: 32; Boulenger, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, 2: 33.

Triturus crocatus — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 27.

Triton crocatus forma crocatus — Wolterstorff, 1926, Zool. Anz., 67: 1–6.

Triton (Mesotriton) crocatus — Bolkay, 1927, Zool. Anz., 72: 282; Bolkay, 1927, Glasn. Zemaljskog Muz. Bosni Hercegov., 39: 64; Bolkay, 1928, Z. Anat. Entwicklungesch., 86: 259.

Neurergus crocatus — Terentjev, 1938, Copeia, 1938: 18.

Triturus crocatus crocatus — Bodenheimer, 1944, Istanbul Univ. Fen. Fak. Mec., Seri B, 9: 7.

Neurergus (Neurergus) crocatus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 54, 66.

Common Names

Lake Urmia Newt (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).

Azerbaijan Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 32; Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 91).

Mountain Newt (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 90).

Azarbaijan Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 267).

Safffron-colored Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 39).

Distribution

Extreme southeastern Türkiye at Mus, Kotum and Surüm; adjacent northwestern Iran (West Azerbaijan Province) and northeastern Iraq, 1280–2000 m elevation

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Iran, Iraq, Türkiye

Comment

Başoğlu and Özeti, 1973, Türkiye Amphibileri: 41–42, provided an account, as did Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 342–345. Özeti and Yilmaz, 1994, Türkiye Amfibileri: 63–64, provided an account. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 90–96, provided an account for Iran. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 118–119, provided a brief account, map, and photograph. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 604. Najafi-Majd and Kaya, 2013, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 6: 36–41, reported the species in northwestern Iran for the first time in 150 years. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 256–258, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 257–290, reported on distribution and conservation status in Iran. Uğurtaş, Sevinç, Akkaya, and Ilgaz, 2015, Russ. J. Herpetol., 22: 89–92, provided distribution records in eastern Türkiye and discussed the range. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 148, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Yaşar, Çiçek, Mulder, and Tok, 2021, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 17(e201512): 232–275, discussed and grid-mapped the range in Türkiye In the sense of including Neurergus munzurensis). Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 393–396, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species, photographs, habitat and conservation threats, a review of the literature, discussion of nomenclature and systematics, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.