Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Neurergus > Species: Neurergus crocatus

Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 343. Holotype: ANSP 25670 (originally 1480), according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 347. Type locality: Not designated; stated to be "Ooremiah, Persia" (= Lake Urmia, Iran) by Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 27.

Neurergus crocatusCope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 196.

Molge crocataBoulenger, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890: 32; Boulenger, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, 2: 33.

Triturus crocatus — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 27.

Triton crocatus forma crocatusWolterstorff, 1926, Zool. Anz., 67: 1–6.

Triton (Mesotriton) crocatusBolkay, 1927, Zool. Anz., 72: 282; Bolkay, 1927, Glasn. Zemaljskog Muz. Bosni Hercegov., 39: 64; Bolkay, 1928, Z. Anat. Entwicklungesch., 86: 259.

Neurergus crocatus — Terentjev, 1938, Copeia, 1938: 18.

Triturus crocatus crocatusBodenheimer, 1944, Istanbul Univ. Fen. Fak. Mec., Seri B, 9: 7.

Neurergus (Neurergus) crocatusDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 54, 66.

Common Names

Lake Urmia Newt (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).

Azerbaijan Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 32; Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 91).

Mountain Newt (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 90).

Azarbaijan Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 267). 

Safffron-colored Mountain Newt (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 39).

Distribution

Extreme southeastern Türkiye at Mus, Kotum and Surüm; adjacent northwestern Iran (West Azerbaijan Province) and northeastern Iraq, 1280–2000 m elevation

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Iran, Iraq, Türkiye

Comment

Başoğlu and Özeti, 1973, Türkiye Amphibileri: 41–42, provided an account, as did Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 342–345. Özeti and Yilmaz, 1994, Türkiye Amfibileri: 63–64, provided an account. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 90–96, provided an account for Iran. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 118–119, provided a brief account, map, and photograph. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 604. Najafi-Majd and Kaya, 2013, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 6: 36–41, reported the species in northwestern Iran for the first time in 150 years. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 256–258, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 257–290, reported on distribution and conservation status in Iran. Uğurtaş, Sevinç, Akkaya, and Ilgaz, 2015, Russ. J. Herpetol., 22: 89–92, provided distribution records in eastern Türkiye and discussed the range. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 148, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Yaşar, Çiçek, Mulder, and Tok, 2021, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 17(e201512): 232–275, discussed and grid-mapped the range in Türkiye In the sense of including Neurergus munzurensis). Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 393–396, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species, photographs, habitat and conservation threats, a review of the literature, discussion of nomenclature and systematics, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps.

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