Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Neurergus Cope, 1862

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Neurergus

4 species

Neurergus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 343. Type species: Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862, by monotypy.

Rhithrotriton Nesterov, 1916, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Petrograd, 21: 1. Type species: Rhithrotriton derjugini Nesterov, 1916, by original designation. Synonymy by Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 196.

Musergus Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 54. Type species: Molge strauchii Steindachner, 1888, by original designation. Coined as a subgenus of Neurergus.

Common Names

Kurdistan Newts (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).

Distribution

Anatolian Türkiye from Burdur in the west to Musch in the east; Kurdistan of northwestern Iran and northern Iraq; and the Zagros Mountains of Luristan, Iran.

Comment

Steinfartz, Hwang, Tautz, Öz, and Veith, 2002, Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 419-431, discussed phylogeny based on molecular evidence. Weisrock, Papenfuss, Macey, Litvinchuk, Polymeni, Uğurtaş, Zhao, Jowkar, and Larson, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 855-857, recovered Neurergus as the sister taxon of Ommatotriton. Steinfartz, Vicario, Arntzen, and Caccone, 2007, J. Exp. Zool., 308B: 139-142, suggested on the basis of DNA sequence evidence that Neurergus is the sister taxon of Ommatotriton. Özdemir, Üzüm, Avcı, and Olgun, 2009, Herpetologica, 65: 280-291, reported on phylogeography of the species in Türkiye. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 139–140, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 256–265, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Rancilhac, Goudarzi, Gehara, Hemami, Elmer, Vences, and Steinfartz, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 133: 189–197, discussed molecular phylogenetics of the species within the genus. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 393–405, provided species accounts, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Khoshnamvand, Vaissi, Azimi, and Ahmadzadeh, 2024, Ecol. Evol., 14(e70105): 1–13, reported on phylogenetics of the species, their ecological niche evolution, and biogeography. Koster, Polanen, Avcı, Bogaerts, Bozkurt, Goudarzi, Hemami, Olgun, Pasmans, Steinfartz, Üzüm, de Visser, France, Theodoropoulos, and Wielstra, 2025, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 211(108386): 1–9, discussed molecular phylogenetics and discordance among phylogenetic methods within the species and subspecies of Neurergus.

Contained taxa (4 sp.):

Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862

Neurergus derjugini (Nesterov, 1916)

Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952

Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887)

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