Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied, 1824

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ceratophryidae > Genus: Ceratophrys

8 species

Phrynocerus Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse Nat.: 78. Nomen nudum. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 24, presumably on the assumption that Phrynocerus Rafinesque = Phrynocercus Tschudi.

Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Isis von Oken, 14: 672. Type species: Ceratophrys varius Wied-Neuwied, 1824 (= Bufo auritus Raddi, 1823), by subsequent designation of Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 32

Stombus Gravenhorst, 1825, Isis von Oken, 1825: 920. Type species: Rana cornuta Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 48. Synonymy by Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 82; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 24.

Phrynoceros Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 83. Type species: Phrynoceros vaillanti Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy. Attributed to Bibron. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 24.

Trigonophrys Hallowell, 1857 "1856", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 298. Type species: Trigonophrys rugiceps Hallowell, 1857 "1856", by monotypy. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 25.

Triogonophrys — Hoffmann, 1878, in Bronn (ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, 6(2): 620. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Common Names

Common Horned Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 71).

Horned Frogs (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 78).

Distribution

Tropical South America.

Comment

Lynch, 1982, Syst. Zool., 31: 166-179, discussed the phylogeny and biogeography of this genus and defined the subgenera (Stombus and Ceratophrys) noted in the species accounts. Mercadal de Barrio, 1986, Amphibia-Reptilia, 7: 313-334, discussed phylogeny in the genus. Fernicola, 2001, Ameghiniana, 38: 385-391, discussed the fossil species. Faivovich, Nicoli, Blotto, Pereyra, Baldo, Barrionuevo, Fabrezi, Wild, and Haddad, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9: 207–227, provided evidence that Ceratophrys is the sister taxon of Chacophrys + Lepidobatrachus. Nicoli, 2019, Zootaxa, 4658: 37–68, reviewed and revised fossil Ceratophrys . See comments by Segalla, Berneck, Canedo, Caramaschi, Cruz, Garcia, Grant, Haddad, Lourenço, Mângia, Mott, Nascimento, Toledo, Werneck, and Langone, 2021, Herpetol. Brasil., 10: 127, regarding the recognition of Stombus as a genus.

Contained taxa (8 sp.):

Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823)

Ceratophrys calcarata Boulenger, 1890

Ceratophrys cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ceratophrys cranwelli Barrio, 1980

Ceratophrys joazeirensis Mercadal de Barrio, 1986

Ceratophrys ornata (Bell, 1843)

Ceratophrys stolzmanni Steindachner, 1882

Ceratophrys testudo Andersson, 1945

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