Boulenophrys boettgeri (Boulenger, 1899)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Boulenophrys > Species: Boulenophrys boettgeri

Leptobrachium boettgeri Boulenger, 1899, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899: 171. Syntypes: BMNH (5 specimens); 6 specimens recorded as syntypes by the BMNH 1947.2.25.4 (formerly 1898.9.15.5) and 1899.4.24.87–91 (the discrepancy in number of specimens requires investigation–DRF), MCZ 3790 (on exchange from BMNH according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 292). Type locality: "Kuatun, a village about 270 miles from Foochow, in the mountains at the North-west of the Province of Fokien [= Fujian], at an altitude of 3000 to 4000 feet or more", China.

Megalophrys boettgeri — Boulenger, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 420.

Megophrys boettgeri — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 20; Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 438; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 58.

Megophrys (Megophrys) boettgeri — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 472.

Panophrys boettgeri — Rao and Yang, 1997, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 7: 98–99; Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 12. 

Megophrys (Xenophrys) boettgeri — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 14.

Xenophrys boettgeri — Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 23, by implication; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.

Megophrys huangshanensis Fei and Ye, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 84, 201, 253. Holotype: CIB 920029, by original designation. Type locality: "Huangshan (30° 08′ N, 118° 10′ E), Anhui, altitude 700 m". Synonymy by Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 426. 

Xenophrys huangshanensis — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.

Boulenophrys boettgeri — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 650; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 413, 679 (by implication); Qi, Lyu, Wang, Mo, Zeng, Zeng, Dai, Li, Grismer, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 5072: 403.

Boulenophrys huangshanensis — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 655; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 414; Qi, Lyu, Wang, Mo, Zeng, Zeng, Dai, Li, Grismer, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 5072: 403.

Xenophrys (Panophrys) boettgeri — Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 109: 41.

Xenophrys (Panophrys) huangshanensis — Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 109: 41.

Megophrys (Panophrys) huangshanensis — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755. 

Megophrys (Panophrys) boettgeri — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755. 

Panophrys huangshanensis — Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 12. 

Common Names

Boettger's Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 54).

Boettger's Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63, based on some other species).

Pale-shouldered Horned Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 116).

Huangshan Horned Toad (Megophrys huangshanensis [no longer recognized}: Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 218). 

Distribution

Currently known from multiple localities in eastern China, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Anhui, China, at elevations of 200–1400.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

See Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 438–444; Chang, 1947, Trans. Chinese Assoc. Adv. Sci., 9: 89; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 59; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 116–117. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 35–37, provided an account for Zhejiang. Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 47–49, provided an account for Shanxi. Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 49, provided an account for Guangxi. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 147, provided a brief account and illustration. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted a few larval descriptions, of varying completeness, in the literature. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 416–420 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 421–424 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounts and spot masp for China. Dai, Li, Zheng, Gong, and Liu, 2009, Sichuan J. Zool., 28: 291. provided a record for Hubei, China. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 184–185 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 190–191 (as Megophrys huangshanensis), provided brief accounts including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 23, provided an account for Xenophrys kempii for Xizang, China, probably based on a population closely related to Xenophrys boettgeri; the problem is that the type of this nominal species is a "Philautus" (in some general sense) and the population in Xizang appears to lack a name (DRF). Li, 2011, Amph. Rept. Guangdong: 27, provided a brief account for Guangdong, China, and photograph. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 212–213 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 218–219 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounts and range maps for China. Mahony, Teeling, and Biju, 2013, Zootaxa, 3722: 39–46, and Subba, Aravind, and Ravikanth, 2016, Check List, 13(1: 2033): 12, and Chettri, 2017, Das (ed.), Diversity Ecol. Amph. India: 97, considered the presence of this species in Sikkim, India, to be doubtful due to confusion with Megophrys kempii. Wang, Zhao, Yang, Zhou, Chen, and Liu, 2014, PLoS One, 9(4)(e93075): 1–15, discussed the advertisement call (both as Megophrys huangshanensis and Megophrys boettgeri). Zhou, Qiu, Fang, Yang, Zhao, Fang, Zheng, and Liu, 2014, Zool. Res., Kunming, 35: 42–50, reported on call characteristics in China. Xiong, Matsui, Nishikawa, and Jiang, 2015, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 34: 51–59, reported (as Boulenophrys huangshanensis) on the advertisement call. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 650–652 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 655–657 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounat, photographs, and dot maps. Records from Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, China, presumably all apply to Megophrys xianjuensis, according to Wang, Wu, Peng, Shi, Lu, and Wu, 2020, ZooKeys, 904: 54–55. Qian, Li, Chen, Li, and Yang, 2023, ZooKeys, 1139: 3, implied that the record(s) from at least Guangdong and Guangxi, China, likely apply to other species. Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 424–425, provided an account and placed this species in their Boulenophrys boettgeri group. Wang, Wang, Hu, Ma, He, and Ding, 2024, MtDNA, Part B, 9: 1098–1102, reported on a complete mtDNA genome and its phylogenetic implications.  

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