Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Boulenophrys boettgeri (Boulenger, 1899)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Boulenophrys > Species: Boulenophrys boettgeri

Leptobrachium boettgeri Boulenger, 1899, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899: 171. Syntypes: BMNH (5 specimens); 6 specimens recorded as syntypes by the BMNH 1947.2.25.4 (formerly 1898.9.15.5) and 1899.4.24.87–91 (the discrepancy in number of specimens requires investigation–DRF), MCZ 3790 (on exchange from BMNH according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 292). Type locality: "Kuatun, a village about 270 miles from Foochow, in the mountains at the North-west of the Province of Fokien [= Fujian], at an altitude of 3000 to 4000 feet or more", China.

Megalophrys boettgeri — Boulenger, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 420.

Megophrys boettgeri — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 20; Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 438; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 58.

Megophrys (Megophrys) boettgeri — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 472.

Panophrys boettgeri — Rao and Yang, 1997, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 7: 98–99; Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 12.

Megophrys (Xenophrys) boettgeri — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 14.

Xenophrys boettgeri — Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 23, by implication; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.

Megophrys huangshanensis Fei and Ye, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 84, 201, 253. Holotype: CIB 920029, by original designation. Type locality: "Huangshan (30° 08′ N, 118° 10′ E), Anhui, altitude 700 m". Synonymy by Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 426.

Xenophrys huangshanensis — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.

Boulenophrys boettgeri — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 650; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 413, 679 (by implication); Qi, Lyu, Wang, Mo, Zeng, Zeng, Dai, Li, Grismer, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 5072: 403.

Boulenophrys huangshanensis — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 655; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 414; Qi, Lyu, Wang, Mo, Zeng, Zeng, Dai, Li, Grismer, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 5072: 403.

Xenophrys (Panophrys) boettgeri — Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 109: 41.

Xenophrys (Panophrys) huangshanensis — Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 109: 41.

Megophrys (Panophrys) huangshanensis — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755.

Megophrys (Panophrys) boettgeri — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 755.

Panophrys huangshanensis — Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 12.

English Names

Boettger's Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 54).

Boettger's Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63, based on some other species).

Pale-shouldered Horned Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 116).

Huangshan Horned Toad (Megophrys huangshanensis [no longer recognized}: Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 218).

Distribution

Currently known from multiple localities in eastern China, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Anhui, China, at elevations of 200–1400.

Comment

See Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 438–444; Chang, 1947, Trans. Chinese Assoc. Adv. Sci., 9: 89; Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 59; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 116–117. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 35–37, provided an account for Zhejiang. Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 47–49, provided an account for Shanxi. Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 49, provided an account for Guangxi. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 147, provided a brief account and illustration. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted a few larval descriptions, of varying completeness, in the literature. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 416–420 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 421–424 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounts and spot masp for China. Dai, Li, Zheng, Gong, and Liu, 2009, Sichuan J. Zool., 28: 291. provided a record for Hubei, China. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 184–185 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 190–191 (as Megophrys huangshanensis), provided brief accounts including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 23, provided an account for Xenophrys kempii for Xizang, China, probably based on a population closely related to Xenophrys boettgeri; the problem is that the type of this nominal species is a "Philautus" (in some general sense) and the population in Xizang appears to lack a name (DRF). Li, 2011, Amph. Rept. Guangdong: 27, provided a brief account for Guangdong, China, and photograph. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 212–213 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 218–219 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounts and range maps for China. Mahony, Teeling, and Biju, 2013, Zootaxa, 3722: 39–46, and Subba, Aravind, and Ravikanth, 2016, Check List, 13(1: 2033): 12, and Chettri, 2017, Das (ed.), Diversity Ecol. Amph. India: 97, considered the presence of this species in Sikkim, India, to be doubtful due to confusion with Megophrys kempii. Wang, Zhao, Yang, Zhou, Chen, and Liu, 2014, PLoS One, 9(4)(e93075): 1–15, discussed the advertisement call (both as Megophrys huangshanensis and Megophrys boettgeri). Zhou, Qiu, Fang, Yang, Zhao, Fang, Zheng, and Liu, 2014, Zool. Res., Kunming, 35: 42–50, reported on call characteristics in China. Xiong, Matsui, Nishikawa, and Jiang, 2015, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 34: 51–59, reported (as Boulenophrys huangshanensis) on the advertisement call. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 650–652 (Megophrys boettgeri) and 655–657 (Megophrys huangshanensis), provided accounat, photographs, and dot maps. Records from Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, China, presumably all apply to Megophrys xianjuensis, according to Wang, Wu, Peng, Shi, Lu, and Wu, 2020, ZooKeys, 904: 54–55. Qian, Li, Chen, Li, and Yang, 2023, ZooKeys, 1139: 3, implied that the record(s) from at least Guangdong and Guangxi, China, likely apply to other species. Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 424–425, provided an account and placed this species in their Boulenophrys boettgeri group.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.