Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Kaloula borealis (Barbour, 1908)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Microhylinae > Genus: Kaloula > Species: Kaloula borealis

Cacopoides borealis Barbour, 1908, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 51: 321. Holotype: MCZ 2436, by original designation. Type locality: "Antung [= Dandong Shi, Liaoning Province], Manchuria", China.

Callula tornieri Vogt, 1913, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1913: 219. Holotype: ZMB. Type locality: "Korea". Synonymy suggested by Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54; made by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 82.

Kaloula borealis — Noble, 1925, Am. Mus. Novit., 165: 1-17.

Kaloula wolterstorffi Stejneger, 1925, J. Washington Acad. Sci., 15: 151. Holotype: UMMZ 60310, by original designation and according to Peters, 1952, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 539: 18. Type locality: "Nanking [= Nanjing Shi], province of Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], China". Synonymy suggested by Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54; made by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 82.

Cacopoides tornieri — Mori, 1927, Handlist Manchurian E. Mongol. Vert.: 146; Okada, 1927, Copeia, 158: 171; Okada, 1928, Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. J., 6: 25.

Kaloula tornieri — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 26.

Kaloula wolterstorffi — Shaw, 1929, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 1: 97. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Kaloula manchuriensis Boring and Liu, 1932, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 6: 21. Holotype: Boring Coll.; now either destroyed or in not recognized as such and in FMNH. Type locality: "under a stone at the Eastern Tomb outside of Mukden [= Shenyang Shi]", Liaoning Province, China. Synonymy by Boring, 1936, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 10: 346.

Common Names

Manchurian Narrowmouth Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 90).

Digging Frog(Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 36).

Rain Frog (Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 36).

Manchurian Digging Frog (Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 38).

Boreal Digging Frog (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 300; Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 65).

Distribution

Central (northeastern Sichuan and eastern Gansu) and northern and northeastern China south to Shanghai; Korean Peninsula and Cheju I.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Korea, Democratic People's Republic (North), Korea, Republic of (South)

Comment

See accounts by Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 587; and Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 288-289. See Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 161, for comment on the type locality. See accounts by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 348; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 300-301. Lee, Yang, Kim, Lee, Lee, Yang, and Lee, 2000, Korean J. Genet., 22: 133-140, and Yang, Kim, Min, Suh, and Kang, 2000, Korean J. Biol. Sci., 4: 39-44, reported on low genetic variation among Chinese and Korean populations. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 94, provided an account for Zhejiang populations. Yang, Kim, Min, and Suh, 2001, Monogr. Korean Amph.: 58-59, provided a brief account, figure, and map for South Korea. Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 78-80, provided an account for Shanxi. Das, Sengupta, Ahmed, and Dutta, 2005, Hamadryad, 29: 105, recognized Kaloula manchuriensis as distinct, but the comparison was indirect to Kaloula borealis, so it is not clear why this elevation was effected. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 936-940, provided an account and spot map for China and assigned this species to their Kaloula verrucosa group. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 494, provided a brief account for China including photographs of specimens and habitat. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 582, provided an account, photographs, and a range map for China. Hwang and Lee, 2012, Mitochondrial DNA, 23: 301–302, reported on the complete mtDNA genome. Yao and Gong, 2012, Amph. Rept. Gansu: 43–44, provided a brief account and photographs. Li, Lian, and Lu, 2010, Res. Tadpoles Liaoning: 32–34, described and pictured the larva. Zhang, Li, Shu, Xiao, Pei, Yuan, Sun, Wang, and Wang, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 240–244, provided records from Shanghai, China. Dot map and discussion of status for North Korea provided by Song, 2016, J. Natl. Park Res., Rep. Korea, 7: 211–217. Zhang, Chen, Ye, Fei, Li, Jiang, and Wang, 2020, Acta Zool., Stockholm, 101: 366–383, reported on osteology. Borzée, Litvinchuk, Ri, Andersen, Nam, Jon, Man, Choe, Kwon, Othman, Messenger, Bae, Shin, Kim, Maslova, Luedtke, Hobin, Moores, Seliger, Glenk, and Jang, 2021, Animals, 11 (2057): 1–37, provided locality records, a distribution map as well as modeled distribution, life history comments, and conservation status for P.D.R. Korea. Andersen, Chuang, Choe, Kim, Kwon, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 61(25): 1–10, reported on the elevational range (0–566 m) in Rep. Korea. Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 65–69, provided a detailed account (distribution including a polygon map, habitat, ecology, conservation, photos of larvae and adults, identification tools) for northeastern Asia.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.