Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Kaloula Gray, 1831

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Microhylinae > Genus: Kaloula

20 species

Kaloula Gray, 1831, Zool. Misc., Part 1: 38. Type species: Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831, by monotypy.

Hyladactylus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 48, 85. Type species: Bombinator baleatus Müller, 1836, by monotypy. Synonymy by Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 68; Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 192; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 167.

Hylaedactylus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 732. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Plectropus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 732. Type species: Plectropus pictus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, by monotypy. Synonymy by Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 68; Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 192; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 167.

Hylodactylus Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool., Fasc. 12: 189. Unjustified emendation of Hyladactylus Tschudi, 1838.

Pelida Gistel, 1848, Naturgesch. Thierr.: xi. Substitute name for Hyladactylus Tschudi, 1838.

Holonectes Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 455. Explicit subgenus under Hylaedactylus)). Types species: Hylaedactylus (Holonectes) conjunctus Peters, 1863, by monotypy. Synonymy by Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 192; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 167.

Calohyla — Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 455. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Callula — Günther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 436. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Cacopoides Barbour, 1908, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 51: 321. Type species: Cacopoides borealis Barbour, 1908, by monotypy. Synonymy by Barbour, 1909, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 61: 402.

Kallula — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 263. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Nomina inquirenda - Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population

Kaloula albotuberculata Inger and Voris, 2001, J. Biogeograph., 28: 882. Holotype: Not stated. Type locality: Not given beyond Sulawesi. Nomen nudum attributed to D. T. Iskandar in preparation.

Common Names

Painted Frogs (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 7).

狭口蛙属 (Chinese: Wang, Ren, Chen, Lyu, Guo, Jiang, Chen, Li, Guo, Wang, and Che, 2020, Biodiversity Sci., 28: App. 1: 14).

Asian Narrowmouth Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 90).

Distribution

Korea and northern China to Lesser Sundas and Philippines; Bangladesh, and India.

Comment

Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 420–445, discussed the Philippine species. Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 121–126, reviewed the Bornean species. Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 484–493, reviewed the Indochinese species. Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 287–295, reviewed the Chinese species. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 924–949, provided a key and accounts for the species of China. Matsui, Hamidy, Belabut, Ahmad, Panha, Sudin, Khonsue, Oh, Yong, Jiang, and Nishikawa, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 167–176, suggested on the basis of an analysis of mtDNA that Kaloula is paraphyletic with respect to a group composed of Phrynella + Metaphrynella. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested that Kaloula is paraphyletic with respect to Uperodon and Ramanella. Blackburn, Siler, Diesmos, McGuire, Cannatella, and Brown, 2013, Evolution, 67: 2631–2646, reported on the phylogenetics of Kaloula and morphological and habitat diversification. In addition they noted unnamed species in Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, several in the Philippines (Palawan, Sibuyan, Mindoro, Samar-Leyten, and Luzon), and Sulawesi. Yong, Song, Lim, Eamsobhana, and Tan, 2016, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 66: 243–253, found Kaloula to be monophyletic, but did not sample Uperodon, Ramanella, Phrynella, or Metaphrynella. Peloso, Frost, Richards, Rodrigues, Donnellan, Matsui, Raxworthy, Biju, Lemmon, Lemmon, and Wheeler, 2016, Cladistics, 32: 135, found Kaloula and Microhyla to both be monophyletic but phylogenetically distant from each other. Othman, Putri, Messenger, Bae, Yang, Bova, Reed, Amin, Chuang, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, Integrative Zool., 17: 261–284, reported on mtDNA phylogenetics and biogeography of the species within the genus. Gorin, Orlov, Bragin, Pawangkhanant, Milto, Le, Nguyen, Dufresnes, Suwannapoom, and Poyarkov, 2024, Herpetozoa, Wien, 37: 391–420, reported on the phylogenetics and biogeography of the Kaloula baleata complex. Othman and Borzée, 2026, Heredity, 135: 497–524, reported on divergence times, phylogeographic patterns and their drivers (barriers, climate fluctuations, glaciation and sea level change, and anthropogenic influences) for the last 60M years with particular reference to northeastern Asia (northeastern China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan); beyond the analysis a great source of relevant published literature.

Contained taxa (20 sp.):

Kaloula aureata Nutphand, 1989

Kaloula baleata (Müller, 1836)

Kaloula borealis (Barbour, 1908)

Kaloula conjuncta (Peters, 1863)

Kaloula discordia Poyarkov, Gorin, Bragin, and Nguyen, 2024

Kaloula ghoshi Cherchi, 1954

Kaloula indochinensis Chan, Blackburn, Murphy, Stuart, Emmett, Ho, and Brown, 2013

Kaloula kalingensis Taylor, 1922

Kaloula kokacii Ross and Gonzales, 1992

Kaloula laosensis Poyarkov, Orlov, Gorin, and Milto, 2024

Kaloula latidisca Chan, Grismer, and Brown, 2014

Kaloula mediolineata Smith, 1917

Kaloula meridionalis Inger, 1954

Kaloula nonggangensis Mo, Zhang, Zhou, Chen, Tang, Meng, and Chen, 2013

Kaloula picta (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)

Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831

Kaloula rigida Taylor, 1922

Kaloula rugifera Stejneger, 1924

Kaloula verrucosa Boulenger, 1904

Kaloula walteri Diesmos, Brown, and Alcala, 2002

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