Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Indirana Laurent, 1986

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranixalidae > Genus: Indirana

14 species

Indirana Bauer, 1985, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 7. Type species: Rana leptodactyla Boulenger, 1882. Nomen nudum.

Indirana Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 761. Type species: Polypedates beddomii Günther, 1875, by original designation.

Ranixalus Dubois, 1986 "1985", Alytes, 4: 114. Type species: Ranixalus gundia Dubois, 1986 "1985", by original designation. Synonymy by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 175-176.

Nomina inquirenda - Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population

Rana (Discodeles) tenuilingua Rao, 1937, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Ser. B, 6: 397. Holotype: CCB; now lost according to Dubois, 1984, Alytes, 3: 157. Type locality: "Kemphole Ghats, Hassan, Mysore, South India". * Indirana tenuilingua — Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 761. * Ranixalus tenuilingua — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 69. *Indirana tenuilingua — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 175-176, by implication. Rao's Indian Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 99; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 87). Slender-tongued Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 64). Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9245, explained why this nominal species is a nomen inquirendum and the name not attached to a known living population.

English Names

Indian Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 99).

Distribution

Central and southern India.

Comment

Includes the former mainland members of the subgenus Discodeles of Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 1-116. See Daniel and Sekar, 1989, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 86: 194-202, for key to species (as Discodeles) in western India. Suggested to be closely related to Micrixalus by Inger and Dutta, 1987 "1986", J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 83 (Suppl.): 141. Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9245, as part of their larger revision of Ranixalidae, recognized three species group, the Indirana leithii group (Indirana leithii), the Indirana semipalmata group (Indirana semipalmata and Indirana tysoni) and the Ranixalus beddomii group (Indirana beddomii, Indirana brachytarsus, Indirana chiravasi, Indirana duboisi, Indirana gundia, Indirana salekari, Indirana sarojamma, and Indirana yadera). Nair, Gopalan, Sanil, Kumar, Teacher, and Merilä, 2012, Ann. Zool. Fenn., Helsinki, 49: 257–286, reviewed the literature of the species. Garg and Biju, 2016, PLoS One, 11(11:e0166326): 1–36, reviewed the genus and discussed its molecular phylogenetics.

Contained taxa (14 sp.):

Indirana beddomii (Günther, 1876)

Indirana bhadrai Garg and Biju, 2016

Indirana brachytarsus (Günther, 1876)

Indirana chiravasi Padhye, Modak, and Dahanukar, 2014

Indirana duboisi Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016

Indirana gundia (Dubois, 1986)

Indirana leithii (Boulenger, 1888)

Indirana longicrus (Rao, 1937)

Indirana paramakri Garg and Biju, 2016

Indirana salelkari Modak, Dahanukar, Gosavi, and Padhye, 2015

Indirana sarojamma Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016

Indirana semipalmata (Boulenger, 1882)

Indirana tysoni Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016

Indirana yadera Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist