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Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843
Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type species: Rana leschenaultii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (= Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799), by original designation.
Dicroglossus Günther, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860: 158. Type species: Dicroglossus adolfi Günther, 1860, by monotypy. Synonymy with Rana by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 7, and Myers, 1942, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55: 49–55; (with Euphlyctis) by Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 240.
Phrynoderma Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type species: Rana cutipora Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (= Rana hexadactyla), by original designation. Synonymy (treatment as a subgenus of Euphlyctis) by Dufresnes, Mahony, Prasad, Kamei, Masroor, Khan, Al-Johany, Gautam, Gupta, Borkin, Melnikov, Rosanov, Skorinov, Borzée, Jablonski, and Litvinchuk, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (2102686): 1.
English Names
Five-fingered Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 98).
Skittering Frogs (Dufresnes, Mahony, Prasad, Kamei, Masroor, Khan, Al-Johany, Gautam, Gupta, Borkin, Melnikov, Rosanov, Skorinov, Borzée, Jablonski, and Litvinchuk, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (2102686): 1).
Distribution
Southwestern Arabian Peninsula; Pakistan and India to Afghanistan, Nepal, through Myanmar into Thailand, and Sri Lanka.
Comment
Treated as a subgenus of Rana by Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 233. First ranked in modern times as a genus by Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 124 (in the sense of including Phrynoderma), this arrangement followed by Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 314. Grosjean, Vences, and Dubois, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 171–181, regarded on the basis of DNA sequence data that Euphlyctis (monophyly assumed) is the sister taxon of Hoplobatrachus, with Fejervarya, Sphaeroteca, Nannophrys and Limnonectes forming more distant relations. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 136, also regarded Euphlyctis as the sister taxon of Hoplobatrachus. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, confirmed the monophyly of this taxon, its position as sister of Hoplobatrachus, and a phylogenetic estimate for exemplar species. Dinesh, Channakeshavamurthy, Deepak, Ghosh, and Deuti, 2021, Zootaxa, 4990: 329–353, provided keys to the species, delimited two species groups (the Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis group and the Euphlyctis hexadactylus group, noted in the species records and now recognized, respectively as Phrynoderma and Euphlyctis), and provided an mtDNA ML tree of the species, noting several unnamed lineages. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 236, resurrected Phrynoderma. Dufresnes, Mahony, Prasad, Kamei, Masroor, Khan, Al-Johany, Gautam, Gupta, Borkin, Melnikov, Rosanov, Skorinov, Borzée, Jablonski, and Litvinchuk, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (2102686): 1–25, reported on the molecular phylogenetics and species delimitation in South Asia.
Euphlyctis given priority over Phrynoderma by action of first revisor, according to Dubois, 1975, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 324: 1112. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 237, discussed why this name is available, noting that Phrynoderma Sturm, 1828, Deutschl. Fauna, Amph.: 147, was original published as a synonym of Zopherus Gray, 1832, and not treated as available prior to 1961, making it unavailable. The former Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis group was trecognized as Phrynoderma by Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 237, and Dinesh, Channakeshavamurthy, Deepak, Shabnam, Ghosh, and Deuti, 2022, Zootaxa, 5100: 419. Subsequently, Dufresnes, Mahony, Prasad, Kamei, Masroor, Khan, Al-Johany, Gautam, Gupta, Borkin, Melnikov, Rosanov, Skorinov, Borzée, Jablonski, and Litvinchuk, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (2102686): 1–25, recognized Phrynoderma as a subgenus.
Contained taxa (8 sp.):
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