Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Quasipaa boulengeri (Günther, 1889)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Quasipaa > Species: Quasipaa boulengeri

Rana Boulengeri Günther, 1889, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 4: 222. Syntypes: BM (2 specimens); BMNH 1947.2.3.86 designated lectotype by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 44. Type locality: "Ichang" (= Yicheng), Hubei, China.

Rana tibetana Boulenger, 1917, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, 20: 414. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.3.63, according to XXX. Type locality: "Yin tsin wau [=Yintsinwan], Wassu State [= Yin Xiu Wan], Tibet", now in part of Sichuan, China. Synonymy by Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 153, and Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 44.

Rana (Rana) tibetana — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 8.

Rana (Paa) boulengeri — Dubois, 1975, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 324: 1098; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 43.

Rana boulengeri — Inger, Zhao, Shaffer, and Wu, 1990, Fieldiana, Zool., N.S., 58: 9.

Paa (Paa) boulengeri — Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990, Key to Chinese Amph.: 156; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 273; Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 182.

Paa (Quasipaa) boulengeri — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 320.

Rana robertingeri Wu and Zhao, 1995, in Zhao (ed.), Amph. Zoogeograph. Div. China: 52, 54. Holotype: CIB 6885, by original designation. Type locality: "Tiantangba Village, Hechuan Co., Sichuan Province, China, 900 meters". Synonymy by Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 71 and Zhang, Zhang, Yu, Storey, and Zheng, 2018, BMC Evol. Biol., 18(26): 12. See comment.

Paa (Paa) robertingeri — Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 184.

Nanorana robertingeri — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 239, by implication; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 367 (in error—DRF).

Nanorana boulengeri — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 239, by implication.

Quasipaa robertingeri — Jiang, Dubois, Ohler, Tillier, Chen, Xie, and Stöck, 2005, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 22: 358; Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 781.

Quasipaa boulengeri — Jiang, Dubois, Ohler, Tillier, Chen, Xie, and Stöck, 2005, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 22: 358.

Quasipaa tibetana — Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 781. Undiscussed elevation.

Quasipaa (Quasipaa) boulengeri — Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., doi:10.1073/pnas.1008415107/-/DCSupplemental: 2.

Paa boulenger — Yao and Gong, 2012, Amph. Rept. Gansu: 51. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

English Names

Boulenger's Paa Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 102).

Spiny-bellied Frog (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 204).

Boulenger's Spiny Frog (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 24).

Hejiang Spiny Frog (Quasipaa robertingeri [no longer recognized]: Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 184).

Distribution

Southern and southwestern China, from the Vietnam border area northward to Sichuan (Hechuan County), southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, and east to western Jianxian and southern Hunan, isolate population in southern Shanxi, 300–1900 m elevation.

Comment

Account (including Rana spinosa) provided by Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 263–272. See Rana spinosa. See also account by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 295–299, and (as Rana tibetana) by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 70. See accounts by Yang, 1991, Amph. Fauna of Yunnan: 120–122; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 273; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 204–206. See comment under Quasipaa verrucospinosa. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 182–184, provided brief accounts and illustrations (as Paa boulengeri and Paa robertingeri). Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 110, provided an account (as Paa boulengeri) for Guangxi. See also brief account by Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 84–85. Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 71–73, provided an account (as Paa boulengeri) for Shanxi. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 24, provided specific localities for Vietnam. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 83–84, provided a brief account (as Paa boulengeri) for Yunnan, China. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Paa boulengeri and Paa robertingeri) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 489, 491. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 3: 1351–1361, provided accounts (as Paa boulengeri and Paa robertiningeri) for China, figures, and map, and included this species in their Paa boulengeri group. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 360–361 (as Paa boulengeri) and page 372–373 (as Paa robertingeri), provided brief accounts for China including photographs of specimens and habitat. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, in their study of Genbank sequences, did not find Quasipaa robertingeri to be adjacent to Quasipaa boulengeri. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 460–461, provided accounts (Quasipaa boulengeri: 460–461; Quasipaa robertingeri: 466–467), photographs, and range maps for China. Yan, Zhou, Zhao, Yuan, Wang, Jiang, Jin, Murphy, Che, and Zhang, 2013, Mol. Ecol., 22: 1120–113, reported on mtDNA phylogeography. Shan, Xia, Zheng, Zou, and Zeng, 2014, Mitochondrial DNA, 25: 83–84, reported the complete mtDNA genome. Zhang, Zhang, Yu, Storey, and Zheng, 2018, BMC Evol. Biol., 18(26): 11, discussed the status of Quasipaa robertingeri and confirmed its synonymy with Quasipaa boulengeri. Yao and Gong, 2012, Amph. Rept. Gansu: 51, provided a brief account and photographs. Shen, 2014, Fauna Hunan, Amph.: 278–283, provided an account for Hunan, China. Zhang, 2017, Amph. Rept. Fanjing Mts.: 153–155, provided taxonomic and natural history information for the Fanjing Mountains population in northeastern Guizhou, China. Yuan, Yuan, Liu, Xia, and Zeng, 2017, Genome, 60: 707–711, reported on chromosomal rearrangement polymorphisms. Xia, Yuan, Luo, Yuan, and Zeng, 2020, Frontiers in Genetics, 10 (1364): 1–13, reported on evolution of chromosomal translocations.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.