Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Quasipaa Dubois, 1992

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Quasipaa

13 species

Quasipaa Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 319. Type species: Rana boulengeri Günther, 1889, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Paa.

Eripaa Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 319. Type species: Rana fasciculispina Inger, 1970, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Paa. Synonymy by Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 781.

Annandia Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 317-318. Type species: Rana delacouri Angel, 1928, by original designation. Proposed originally as a subgenus of Chaparana. Synonymy with Nanorana by Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 69. Synonymy with Quasipaa by Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 69.

Annandia — Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16. Consideration as a genus.

Yerana Jiang, Chen, and Wang, 2006, J. Anhui Normal Univ., Nat. Sci., 29: 468. Type species: Paa (Feirana) yei Chen, Qu, and Jiang, 2002, by original designation. Synonymy by implication of placement of Nanorana yei in tree of Che, Hu, Zhou, Murphy, Papenfuss, Chen, Rao, Li, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 66.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Southern and southwestern China to central Vietnam, northern and southeastern Laos, southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia.

Comment

Recognized as a genus distinct from a group composed of Paa, Nanorana, and Chaparana (now considered to be components of Nanorana) by Jiang, Dubois, Ohler, Tillier, Chen, Xie, and Stöck, 2005, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 22: 353-362. Ohler and Dubois, 2006, Zoosystema, 28: 769-784, provided a phylogenetic analysis. Wiens, Sukumaran, Pyron, and Brown, 2009, Evolution, 63: 1217-1231, provided a molecular analysis that corroborated the monophyly of this group. Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 13765-13770, and Che, Zhou, Hu, Papenfuss, Wake, and Zhang, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., doi:10.1073/pnas.1008415107/-/DCSupplemental: 2, provided a molecular analysis and subgeneric taxonomy of some of the species. Yuan, Xia, Zheng, and Zeng, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e2786): 1–18, reported on the mitogenome and phylogenetics. Yan, Nneji, Jin, Yuan, Chen, Mi, Chen, Murphy, and Che, 2021, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 163 (107218): 1–7, reported on phylogenetics of the species within the genus, identified 2 unnamed lineages, identified regions of nuDNA and mtDNA discordance, and they performed predictive niche modeling. In general, a model revisionary work (DRF). Hofmann, Jablonski, Litvinchuk, Masroor, and Schmidt, 2021, PeerJ, 9 (e11793): 1–22, suggested on molecular grounds that Quasipaa is the sister taxon of Chrysopaa + Nanorana + Allopaa.

Contained taxa (13 sp.):

Quasipaa acanthophora Dubois and Ohler, 2009

Quasipaa boulengeri (Günther, 1889)

Quasipaa courtoisi (Angel, 1922)

Quasipaa delacouri (Angel, 1928)

Quasipaa exilispinosa (Liu and Hu, 1975)

Quasipaa fasciculispina (Inger, 1970)

Quasipaa jiulongensis (Huang and Liu, 1985)

Quasipaa robertingeri (Wu and Zhao, 1995)

Quasipaa shini (Ahl, 1930)

Quasipaa spinosa (David, 1875)

Quasipaa taoi Pham, Hoang, Phan, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2022

Quasipaa verrucospinosa (Bourret, 1937)

Quasipaa yei (Chen, Qu, and Jiang, 2002)

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