Hylodes Fitzinger, 1826

Common Names

Tree Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 81).

Torrent Frogs (Lingnau, Canedo, and Pombal, 2008, Copeia, 2008: 595).

Distribution

High-gradient streams in Atlantic forests in the state of Espirito Santo south through Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo to Rio Grando do Sul, in southern Brazil.

Comment

Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 195–202, reviewed the nomenclatural history of Hylodes; his opinion was followed by Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 1–238. See Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 36–38, for discussion of the type localities of the Brazilian forms under Elosia. Heyer, 1982, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 95: 377–385, defined the species groups noted in the species accounts. Heyer and Cocroft, 1986, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 99: 100–109, discussed the Hylodes lateristrigatus group. Megaelosia, now a synonym)  reviewed by Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993, J. Herpetol., 27: 276-285. Pavan, Narvaes, and Rodrigues, 2001, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 41: 407–425, discussed the similarity groups of species and phylogeny within the genus. Nascimento, Pombal, and Haddad, 2001, J. Zool., London, 254: 421–428, also summarized the species groups. Pavan, Narvaes, and Rodrigues, 2001, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 41: 407–425, suggested that the Hylodes asper group is paraphyletic. Nuin and Val, 2005, Amphibia-Reptilia, 26: 139–147, provided evidence for the monophyly of Hylodes. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested that Hylodes is paraphyletic with respect to Megaelosia, and placed that genus within Hylodes, although thereafter Vittorazzi, Augusto-Alves, Neves-da-Silva, Carvalho-e-Silva, Recco-Pimentel, Toledo, Lourenço, and Bruschi, 2021, Salamandra, 57: 274–284, addressed the problem with the naming of Phantasmarana for former Hylodes massarti, Hylodes boticariana, Hylodes jordanensis, Hylodes apuana, and Hylodes lutzae. Weber and Caramaschi, 2013, Zootaxa, 3635: 557–568,  reported on comparative larval morphology of the species. 

Contained taxa (26 sp.):

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