Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Paratelmatobius Lutz and Carvalho, 1958

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Paratelmatobiinae > Genus: Paratelmatobius

7 species

Paratelmatobius Lutz and Carvalho, 1958, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 56: 241. Type species: Paratelmatobius lutzii Lutz and Carvalho, 1958, by original designation.

Common Names

Coastal Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 82).

Distribution

Southern Brazil.

Comment

See accounts and discussion by Pombal and Haddad, 1999, Copeia, 1999: 1014-1026. Cannatella, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 250, and by Duellman, 1993, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 21: 126, followed Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 183, in placing this taxon in Leptodactylinae (old sens), although more recent work (see comment under Cycloramphidae record) had placed it elsewhere. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, subsequently placed Paratelmatobius in a restricted Leptodactylidae, whose content was modified later by Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299. Lourenço, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2000, Hereditas, Lund, 133: 201-210, reported on the cytogenetics. Lourenço, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2003, Amphibia-Reptilia, 24: 47-55, discussed comparative cytogenetics of an undescribed species similar to Paratelmatobius cardosoi and implied that Paratelmatobius is closely related to Scythrophrys. Lourenço, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2003, Genet. Mol. Biol., 26: 139-143, discussed restriction fragment analysis of rDNA and suggested a close relationship with Scythrophrys. Lourenço, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2003, Ital. J. Zool., 70: 183-190, reported on the similar karyotypes of Scythrophrys and Paratelmatobius. Lourenço, Bacci, Martins, Recco-Pimentel, and Haddad, 2008, Genetica, 132: 255-266, provided karyotypic evidence for the monophyly of Scythrophrys + Paratelmatobius, the association of this taxon with Leptodactylus, and corroborated the Paratelmatobius lutzii (Paratelmatobius gaigeae, Paratelmatobius lutzii, and Paratelmatobius poecilogaster) and Paratelmatobius cardosoi (including Paratelmatobius cardosoi and Paratelmatobius mantiqueira) groups. Santos, Oliveira, Carvalho, Zaidan, Silva, Berneck, and Garcia, 2019, Zootaxa, 4648: 473–493, reported on mtDNA relationships among the species, as well as discussing the uncertainties of the taxonomy, as well as providing a range map of the species.

Contained taxa (7 sp.):

Paratelmatobius cardosoi Pombal and Haddad, 1999

Paratelmatobius gaigeae (Cochran, 1938)

Paratelmatobius lutzii Lutz and Carvalho, 1958

Paratelmatobius mantiqueira Pombal and Haddad, 1999

Paratelmatobius poecilogaster Giaretta and Castanho, 1990

Paratelmatobius segallai Santos, Oliveira, Carvalho, Zaidan, Silva, Berneck, and Garcia, 2019

Paratelmatobius yepiranga Garcia, Berneck, and Costa, 2009

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