Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Callulops Boulenger, 1888

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Asterophryinae > Genus: Callulops

29 species

Callulops Boulenger, 1888, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 1: 345. Type species: Callulops doriae Boulenger, 1888, by monotypy.

Gnathophryne Méhely, 1901, Termés. Füzetek, 24: 177, 225. Type species: Mantophryne robusta Boulenger, 1989, by subsequent designation of Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 58. Synonymy (with Asterophrys) by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 58.

Pomatops Barbour, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 89–90. Type species: Pomatops valvifera Barbour, 1910, by monotypy. Synonymy (with Asterophrys) by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 58; synonymy (with Callulops) by Loveridge, 1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 101: 417; Dubois, 1988, Alytes, 7: 3.

Common Names

Callulops Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 88).

Distribution

New Guinea region, from Talaud Islands and Moluccas to the easternmost islands of the Louisiade Archipelago; Sulawesi.

Comment

See comment under Mantophryne. As noted by Dubois, 1988, Alytes, 7: 1–5, the formerly widely used name Phrynomantis Peters, 1867, applies to frogs in the subfamily Phrynomerinae. Köhler and Günther, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 47: 353–365, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that Callulops is polyphyletic, with one part (including Callulops eurydactylus) being paraphyletic with respect to Asterophrys, and the other part (including Callulops robustus) being the sister taxon of Hylophorbus. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, corroborated this result. This paraphyly was remedied by the naming of Metamagnusia and Pseudocallulops by Günther, 2009, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 85: 171–187, who suggested that a monophyletic Callulops (exemplar being Callulops cf. robustus) is the sister taxon of Hylophorbus. Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2010, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 86: 245–256, revised this view and considered the Callulops robustus complex to form the sister taxon of Mantophryne + Hylophorbus. Wanger, Motzke, Saleh, and Iskandar, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 17–29, reported "Callulops sp." species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. See comment under Asterophryinae.

Contained taxa (29 sp.):

Callulops argus Kraus, 2019

Callulops biakensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012

Callulops bicolor Kraus, 2019

Callulops boettgeri (Méhely, 1901)

Callulops comptus (Zweifel, 1972)

Callulops doriae Boulenger, 1888

Callulops dubius (Boettger, 1895)

Callulops eremnosphax Kraus and Allison, 2009

Callulops fojaensis Oliver, Richards, and Tjaturadi, 2012

Callulops fuscus (Peters, 1867)

Callulops glandulosus (Zweifel, 1972)

Callulops humicola (Zweifel, 1972)

Callulops kampeni (Boulenger, 1914)

Callulops kopsteini (Mertens, 1930)

Callulops marmoratus Kraus and Allison, 2003

Callulops mediodiscus Oliver, Richards, and Tjaturadi, 2012

Callulops microtis (Werner, 1901)

Callulops neuhaussi (Vogt, 1911)

Callulops omnistriatus Kraus and Allison, 2009

Callulops personatus (Zweifel, 1972)

Callulops robustus (Boulenger, 1898)

Callulops sagittatus Richards, Burton, Cunningham, and Dennis, 1995

Callulops stellatus Kraus, 2019

Callulops stictogaster (Zweifel, 1972)

Callulops taxispilotus Kraus, 2019

Callulops valvifer (Barbour, 1910)

Callulops wilhelmanus (Loveridge, 1948)

Callulops wondiwoiensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012

Callulops yapenensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012

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