Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)

Common Names

Black-spined Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42; Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 92; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Doubtful Toad (Bufo dubia [no longer recognized]: Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 157; Gray, 1830, Illust. Indian Zool., Part 1: pl. 83).

Black-lipped Toad (Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 170).

Keeled-nosed Toad (Gray, 1830, Illust. Indian Zool., Part 1: pl. 83).

Indian Toad (Kelaart, 1853, Prodr. Faunae Zeylan., 1: 194).

Common Indian Toad (Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 435; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 16).

Asian Common Toad (Karsen, Lau, and Bogadek, 1986, Hong Kong Amph. Rept.: 18; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 147).

Asian Toad (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 22).

Asian Toad (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 49).

South Asian Garden Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Asian Common Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Common Indian Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Black-lipped Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 40).

Common Asian Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63; Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 25).

Southeast Asian Broad-skulled Toad (Khan, 2001, Pakistan J. Zool., 33: 294).

Black-spectacled Toad (Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 152).

Reticulated Toad (Trade name).

House Toad (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 54).

Asiatic Toad (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 54).

Greenbelly Toad (Bufo chlorogaster [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).

Maharashtra Stream Toad (Ansonia kamblei: Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).

Wrinkled-skin Toad (Bufo camortensis [no longer recognized]: Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 19).

Hazara Toad (Bufo melanostictus hazarensis: Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).

Southeast Asian Toad (Bufo melanostictus melanostictus: Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).

Common Sunda Toad (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 17; Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 46).

Asian Eyebrow-ridge Toad (McKay, 2006, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Bali: 32).

Spectacled Toad (Lue, Tu, and Hsiang, 1999, Atlas Taiwan Amph. Rept.: 30).

Asian Black-spotted Toad (Menzies, 2006, Frogs New Guinea & Solomon Is.: 57).

Asian Black-spined Toad (Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 28). 

Distribution

Southwestern and southern China (including Hainan) and Taiwan throughout southern Asia from northern Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, and Bangladesh through India to Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Maldives, and Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Sumba, up to 2000 m in some places; introduced into Madagascar, Bali, Sulawesi, Ambon, Sumbawa, and Manokwari, and New Guinea (northeastern portion of the Vogelkop Peninsula). See comment. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, People's Republic of, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Indonesia - Papua Region, Laos, Macao, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Introduced: Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Maldives, Papua New Guinea

Comment

Note: Jablonski, Masroor, and Hofmann, 2022, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 98: 275–284, recognized 3, possibly 4, mtDNA lineages within nominal Duttaphrynus melanostictus, which resulted in them recognizing Duttaphrynus bengalensis. However, subsequent work based on more evidence (nuDNA, mtDNA) and more georgraphical sites by Dufresnes, Jablonski, Ambu, Prasad, Gautam, Kamei, Mahony, Hofmann, Masroor, Alard, Crottini, Edmonds, Ohler, Jiang, Khatiwada, Gupta, Borzée, Borkin, Skorinov, Melnikov, Milto, Konstantinov, Künzel, Suchan, Arkhipov, Trofimets, Nguyen, Suwannapoom, Litvinchuk, and Poyarkov, 2025, Nature Commun., 16(298): 1–14, has suggested a much more complex resolution, with Duttuphrynus melanostictus (sensu stricto) resident on the Indian subcontinent but invasive in Wallacea; the other lineage, Duttaphrynus cf. melanostictus diversified throughout Southeast Asia and introduced into Madagascar. Further, it appears unlikely from mtDNA that these units are each other's closest relatives. For purposes of this ASW record I (DRF) have continued to treat Duttaphrynus melanostictus as one taxon, but clearly things are going to change. 

Earlier literature: See Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 454 (China); Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 172–175 (French Indochina); Okada, 1931, Tailless Batr. Japan. Empire: 50–53 (Japan); Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 203 (Sichuan, China); and Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 332–335, for accounts and synonymies. In the Bufo melanostictus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 64, and Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107, and Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 133–180. Sri Lankan population discussed by Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 20–22; Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 68–70; and Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 238. Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 435, provided a brief account for India.See Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 70–74, for an account of the Bornean population. Heyer, 1971, Fieldiana, Zool., 58: 61–82, reported on the call from Thailand. Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 49, provided an account for Malaysian populations. See Hu, Jiang, and Tian, 1984, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 3 (1): 77–85, for discussion of Chinese population. In the Bufo melanostictus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 64, and Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107, and Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 133–180. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 46–48, provided an account for Zhejiang, China, populations.  Yang, 1991, Amph. Fauna of Yunnan: 102–104. Sarkar, Biswas, and Ray, 1992, State Fauna Ser., 3: 70–71, provided a brief accoun for West Bengal, India. Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 122–123, provided an account for Singapore. See account by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 186. See Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 68–70, for account of Sri Lanka population. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 33–34. See also brief account by Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 71–72. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 33–34. See account by Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 47–48. See Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 238, for account of Sri Lanka population. Lue, Tu, and Hsiang, 1999, Atlas Taiwan Amph. Rept.: 30–31, provided a brief account. Ray, 1999, Mem. Zool. Surv. India, 18: 61–64, provided an account for northeastern India. Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 140, suggested that nominal Duttaphrynus melanostictus (as Bufo) is a species complex. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 152, provided a brief account and illustration. Menzies and Tapilatu, 2000, Sci. New Guinea, 25: 70–73, reported the species from the far west of New Guinea. Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 58, provided an account for Guangxi, China. See brief account by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 95. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 54–55, provided a brief characterization. Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 103, briefly discussed location of types. See brief account by Shrestha, 2001, Herpetol. Nepal: 95. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 54–55, provided a brief characterization. Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 151–158, provided an extensive account for Nepalese population. Chakravorty, Borah, and Bordoloi, 2002, Bull. Life Sci., India, 10: 47–54, described larval morphology at Gosner stage 38 from a population in Assam, India. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 19–20, provided a brief account for Bufo camortensis, which he recognized without discussion. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 19–20, provided a brief account for Bufo melanostictus in India, and (p. 202) for Ansonia kamblei. Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 140, reported on introduced populations in Sulawesi, Papua New Guinea, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 92–93, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Teynié, David, Ohler, and Luanglath, 2004, Hamadryad, 29: 35, commented on its distribution in Laos. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 33, for brief account for Nepal. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 148, provided a photograph. Stuart, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 475, provided records for Laos. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 101–106, provided an account for South India. McKay, 2006, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Bali: 32–33, provided a brief account and photograph. Glaw and Rosado, 2006, Herpetol. Rev., 37: 502, provided records for Maldives. Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 43–44, provided a brief account for Pakistan.Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 43–44, provided a brief account for Pakistan. Menzies, 2006, Frogs New Guinea & Solomon Is.: 57–58, reported the species as introduced into Papua New Guinea and detailed its range there. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted several larval descriptions in the literature of various levels of completeness . Youmans and Wood, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 96, provided a record for West Malaysia. Menzies, 2006, Frogs New Guinea & Solomon Is.: 57–58, reported the species as introduced into Papua New Guinea and detailed its range there. Youmans and Wood, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 96, provided a record for West Malaysia. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 47–48, provided a brief account for Yunnan, China. Charles and Das, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 478, provided a record for Brunei. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 511–517, provided an account for China and a spot map. de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 64, provided a brief account for Sri Lanka and color photograph. Guo, Yang, and Li, 2009, Colored Illust. Amph. Rept. Taiwan: 62–63, provided a brief account, photographs, and map for Taiwan. Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 25, provided a brief account, with photograph, for northeastern India. Mahony, Hasan, Kabir, Ahmed, and Hossain, 2009, Hamadryad, 34: 80–94, provided a record for Bangladesh. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 230–231, provided a brief account including photographs. Li, 2011, Amph. Rept. Guangdong: 33, provided a brief account for Guangdong, China, and photograph. Shi, 2011, Amph. Rept. Fauna Hainan: 43–45, provided an account for Hainan. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 28–29, provided a brief account and photograph for eastern Thailand. Bopage, Wewelwala, Krvavac, Jovanovic, Safarek, and Pushpamal, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 173–177, reported the species in lowland forest in the Kanneliya Forest of southwestern Sri Lanka. Wanger, Motzke, Saleh, and Iskandar, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 17–29, reported the species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. O'Shea, Sanchez, Heacox, Kathriner, Carvalho, Ribeiro, Soares, Araujo, and Kaiser, 2012, Asian Herpetol. Res., Ser. 2, 3: 114–126, reported an introduced population in East Timor. Aran, Chuaynkern, Duangjai, and Chuaynkern, 2012, J. Wildlife Thailand, 19: 41–73, described larval morphology including the oral apparatus. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 46–47, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 258–259, provided an account, photographs, and range map for China. Wei, Zhao, Ma, Fan, Ma, and Lin, 2012, Asian Herpetol. Res., 3: 157–162, discussed advertisement call variability in Zhejiang, China. Masroor, 2012, Contr. Herpetol. N. Pakistan: 43–45, provided an account for northern Pakistan and noted literature where this species had been confused with Duttaphrynus stomaticus, rendering erroneous distributional statements, particularly with respect to Sindh. Ngo and Ngo, 2013, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 52 (12): 1–13, reported on the advertisement call in Vietnam. Reported from the Phi Phi Archipelago of peninsular Thailand by Milto, 2014, Russ. J. Herpetol., 21: 272. Das, Chetia, Dutta, and Sengupta, 2013, Zootaxa, 3646: 336–348, compared this species with other Duttaphrynus from northeastern India. Hasan, Islam, Khan, Igawa, Alam, Tjong, Kurniawan, Joshy, Yong, Belabut, Kurabayashi, Kuramoto, and Sumida, 2014, Turkish J. Zool., 38: 389, suggested on the basis of 16S mtDNA divergence that two lineages existed under this name in peninsular Malaysia. Zhou, Qiu, Fang, Yang, Zhao, Fang, Zheng, and Liu, 2014, Zool. Res., Kunming, 35: 42–50, reported on call characteristics in China. Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population in Kedah, West Malaysia. Shen, 2014, Fauna Hunan, Amph.: 180–182, provided a detailed account, for Hunan, China. Deuti, Sethy, and Ray, 2014, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 114: 122, provided a very brief account for the population of the Eastern Ghats, southern India. Reported from the Phi Phi Archipelago of peninsular Thailand by Milto, 2014, Russ. J. Herpetol., 21: 272. O'Shea, Sanchez, Kathriner, Mecke, Carvalho, Ribeiro, Soares, Araujo, and Kaiser, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 77–79, detailed the range in East Timor. Wogan, Stuart, Iskandar, and McGuire, 2016, Biol. Lett., 12 (Art. 20150807): 1–5, reported on three genetically divergent populations, presumably distinct species, corresponding to the a) Asian mainland (not studied west of Myanmar) south to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo; b) coastal Myanmar with an isolated record in Peninsular Malaysia; and c) Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 774–777 provided an account, photograph, and dot map for China. Subba, Aravind, and Ravikanth, 2016, Check List, 13(1: 2033): 1–14, provided records  for Sikkim, India. Vences, Brown, Lathrop, Rosa, Cameron, Crottini, Dolch, Edmonds, Freeman, Glaw, Grismer, Litvinchuk, Milne, Moore, Solofo, Noël, Nguyen, Ohler, Randrianantoandro, Raselimanana, van Leeuwen, Wogan, Ziegler, Andreone, and Murphy, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 197–207, identified through forensic molecular phylogenetics that southern Vietnam is the likely source of the introduced Madagascan population and discussed the potential range in Madagascar. Pham, An, Herbst, Bonkowski, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2017, Bonn Zool. Bull., 66: 37–53, provided records for Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, along with observations on morphology and natural history. Amram, Zainudin, and Wahid, 2018, Sains Malaysiana, 47: 1–7, reported on the mating call in Sarawak, Malaysia. Tshewang and Letro, 2018, J. Threatened Taxa, 10: , reported the species from Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park in central Bhutan. Harikrishnan and Vasudevan, 2018, Alytes, 36: 241–242, commented on the distribution and natural history in the Andaman Island, India. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 85–162, a record from Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar. Licata, Ficetola, Freeman, Mahasoa, Ravololonarivo, Fidy, Koto-Jean, Nahavitatsara, Andreone, and Crottini, 2019, Biol. Invasions, 21: 1615–1626, reported on the abundance and spread of an introduced population in eastern Madagascar. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 182–183, provided a brief account (photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Roy, Begum, and Ahmed, 2019, J. Threatened Taxa, 10: 12942, discussed the range in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. O'Connell, Aryal, Sherchan, Dhakal, Chaudhary, and Karmacharya, 2019, J. Nat. Hist., London, 53: 1421-1437, reported on the Kathmandu Valley population, Nepal. Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 28–29, provided a brief account for South Tanintharyi, peninsular Myanmar. Othman, Chen, Chuang, Andersen, Jang, and Borzée, 2020, Animals, 10 (1157) : 1–24, reported on molecular phylogeography in Southeast Asia, and suggested that the presence of this species in Taiwan and the Sundas and Wallacea is due to late Pleistocene and early Holocene anthropogenic events. Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 46–47, provided a brief account and range map for northern Thailand and photographs. See brief account for East Java by Amin, 2020, Frogs of East Java: 34–37. Reilly, Stubbs, Arida, Arifin, Bloch, Hamidy, Harmon, Hykin, Karin, Ramadhan, Iskandar, and McGuire, 2020, Herpetol. Rev., 51: 786, provided an introduced population on Sumba I., Indonesia. Purkayastha, Khan, and Roychoudhury, 2020, in Roy et al. (eds.), Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation, Environmental Science and Engineering: 225–233, provided a record for Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India. Sreekumar and Dinesh, 2020, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 120: 33–40, discussed the range in Maharashtra, India, in terms of agro-climatic zones. Prasad, Gautam, Gupta, Murthy, Ramesh, Shinde, and Das, 2020, Zootaxa, 4851: 450–476, reported on morphology and advertisement call for a population in the Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, central India. Gautam, Chalise, Thapa, and Bhattarai, 2020, IRCF Rept. & Amph., 27: 18–28, briefly discussed abundance and elevational range in the Ghandruk region of central Nepal. See comments by Hakim, Trageser, Ghose, Das, Rashid, and Rahman, 2020, Check List, 16: 1239–1268, who reported the species from Lawachara National Park, Sylhet Division, northeastern Bangladesh. Kennedi, Kusrini, Mardiastuti, and Ariefiandy, 2021, Media Konservasi , 26: 217–230, reported the species on Sumbawa I., Indonesia. Akram, Rais, López-Hervas, Tarvin, Saeed, Bolnick, and Cannatella, 2021, Ecol. Evol., 11: 14184, suggested, based on genetic distance among samples that Duttaphrynus melanostictus hazarensis may be a distinct species from Duttaphrynus melanostictus melanostictus, but did not make the taxonomic change pending a densely-sampled study across the entire range. Rais, Ahmed, Sajjad, Akram, Saeed, Hamid, and Abid, 2021, ZooKeys, 1062: 157–175, included this species in an identification key to the amphibian species of Pakistan as well as providing a photograph. Indra, Roesma, and Tjong, 2021, J. Trop. Life Sci., 11: 383–387, provided records from West Sumatra. Ganesh and Guptha, 2021, J. Anim. Diversity, 3(3): 22, reported this species from several localities in the Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, southern India. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15, discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Herlambang, Riyanto, Munir, Hamidy, Kimura, Eto, and Mumpuni, 2022, Treubia, 49: 78, reported the species from (presumably introduced into) Bungaran and Serasan Is., Natuna Is., Indonesia. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 246–248, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Srinivasulu and Kumar, 2022, J. Threatened Taxa, 14: 21268, reported the species from the state of Telangana, south-central India. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15, discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 246–248, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Raj, 2023, J. Threatened Taxa, 15: 24214–24218, described larvae (as Duttaphrynus cf. melanostictus) from Banasuramala Hills, Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala, India. Figueroa, Low, and Lim, 2023, Zootaxa, 5287: 1–378, provided records and literature for Singapore. Reported from the vicinity of Karak and Buner, southern to central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, northern Pakistan by Majid, Azim, Nawaz, and Ud Din, 2023, Asian J. Res. Zool., 6: 56.  Raj, Vasudevan, Aggarwal, Dutta, Sahoo, Mahapatra, Sharma, Janani, Kar, and Dubois, 2023, Alytes, 39–40: 15–18, reported on larval morphology from genetically-confirmed specimens collected in Uttarakhand, India. Raj, 2023, J. Threatened Taxa, 15: 24214–24218, described larvae (as Duttaphrynus cf. melanostictus) from Banasuramala Hills, Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala, India, provisionally referred here to Duttaphrynus bengalensis to reflect the recent species partition. Cook-Price, Makchai, Hasin, and Suwanwaree, 2024, ZooKeys, 1207: 167–183, reported the species and its natural history on Ko Pha-ngan I., Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Atmaja, Putra, Lestari, and Silaban, 2024, J. Pembelajaran Dan Biol. Nukl., 10: 831–844, reported the species on Enggano I., Bengkulu, Indonesia. Oliver, Davie-Rieck, Ramdani, Dashper, Kusuma, Lee, Rittmeyer, Clancy, Hamidy, Thompson, Fouquet, Ferreira, and Richards, 2025, Pacific Conserv. Biol., 31(PC24063): 1–12, as part of a larger discussion of the role of citizen science in documenting species ranges in Melanesia noted that iNaturalist observations suggest that the range of this introduced species is expanding in northwestern Papua, Indonesia. Stuart, Seateun, Sivongxay, and Phimmachak, 2025 "2024", in Wildlife Lao PDR: 21, briefly summarized literature, taxonomy, habitat, and range for Laos. 

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