Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Stefania Rivero, 1968

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hemiphractidae > Genus: Stefania

19 species

Stefania Rivero, 1968 "1966", Caribb. J. Sci., 6: 142. Type species: Hyla evansi Boulenger, 1904, by original designation.

English Names

Stefania Treefrogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 65).

Stefanias (Vitt and Caldwell, 2014, Herpetology, 4th Ed.: 497).

Distribution

Highlands of the Guiana Shield in Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil.

Comment

Duellman and Hoogmoed, 1984, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 75ezembed: 1-39, revised the genus and provided a cladogram of the species. Two species groups, based on overall similarity, were defined by Rivero, 1970, Bol. Soc. Venezol. Cienc. Nat., 28: 456-481. See accounts for Venezuelan species in Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997 "1996", Publ. Asoc. Amigos Doñana, 7: 1-57. MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2002, Herpetologica, 58: 327-346, discussed the genus in Guyana. Kok, MacCulloch, Means, Roelants, Van Bocxlaer, and Bossuyt, 2012, Curr. Biol., 22: R589-R590, and Kok, MacCulloch, Means, Roelants, Van Bocxlaer, and Bossuyt, 2012, Current. Biol., Suppl. Inform., 22: 1-25, provided a molecular tree of tepui populations. Salerno, Ron, Señaris, Rojas-Runjaic, Noonan, and Cannatella, 2012, Evolution, 66:3000–3013, provided a molecular tree of the species. Vitt and Caldwell, 2014, Herpetology, 4th Ed., provided a summary of life history, diagnosis, and taxonomy. Duellman, 2015, Marsupial Frogs, provided a review of their biology and evolution, his phylogenetic analysis immediately superseded by Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, De la Riva, Pombal, Silva, Rojas-Runjaic, Medina-Méndez, and Frost, 2015, Zootaxa, 4004: 1–72, who provided a phylogenetic analysis of the species and related genera and noted a number of unnamed species. Kok, Russo, Ratz, Means, MacCulloch, Lathrop, Aubret, and Bossuyt, 2017, J. Biogeograph., 44: 170–181, provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography and noted several unnamed species.

Contained taxa (19 sp.):

Stefania ackawaio MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2002

Stefania ayangannae MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2002

Stefania breweri Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 2003

Stefania coxi MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2002

Stefania evansi (Boulenger, 1904)

Stefania ginesi Rivero, 1968

Stefania goini Rivero, 1968

Stefania marahuaquensis (Rivero, 1961)

Stefania neblinae Carvalho, MacCulloch, Bonora, and Vogt, 2010

Stefania oculosa Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997

Stefania percristata Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997

Stefania riae Duellman and Hoogmoed, 1984

Stefania riveroi Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997

Stefania roraimae Duellman and Hoogmoed, 1984

Stefania satelles Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997

Stefania scalae Rivero, 1970

Stefania schuberti Señaris, Ayarzagüena, and Gorzula, 1997

Stefania tamacuarina Myers and Donnelly, 1997

Stefania woodleyi Rivero, 1968

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