Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Lophyohylinae > Genus: Phyllodytes

15 species

Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202. Type species: Hyla luteola Wied-Neuwied, 1824, by monotypy.

Amphodus Peters, 1873 "1872", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 768. Type species: Amphodus wuchereri Peters, 1872, by original designation. Synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 38: 355-344.

Lophyohyla Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 1: 5. Type species: Lophyohyla piperata Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923, by original designation. Synonymy with Amphodus by Goin, 1961, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 36: 7.

Lophiohyla — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

English Names

Heart-tongued Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 61).

Distribution

Eastern Brazil.

Comment

The most recent review of the genus was by Bokermann, 1966, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 38: 335-344. Caramaschi, Peixoto, and Rodrigues, 2004, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 62: 185–191, proposed three species groups, and one species unnassigned to group. In Lophyohylini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 107-108, who continued recognition of the three species groups, and one species unnassigned to group, previously noted by Caramaschi et al., 2004. Jowers, Downieb, and Cohen, 2009, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 43: 181-188, suggested that Phyllodytes (sensu lato) is polyphyletic and erected Phytotriades to remedy the situation. See comment under Phytotriades. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, but seemingly excluding the rhodopsin data from Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294, suggested that Phyllodytes is more closely related to to a clade composed of Osteopilus, Tepuihyla, and Osteocephalus, than to Phytotriades (their Phyllodytes auratus), which they considered to be the sister taxon of Itapotihyla. Mota, Oliveira, Napoli, and Weber, 2020, Zootaxa, 4895: 239–250, reported on comparative anatomy of the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton in larvae of this taxon. Blotto, Lyra, Cardoso, Rodrigues, Dias, Marciano, Vechio, Orrico, Brandão, Assis, Lantyer-Silva, Rutherford, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Solé, Baldo, Nunes, Cajade, Torres, Grant, Jungfer, Silva, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Cladistics, 37: 36–72, in their molecular study of the lophiohylines suggested that there are at least 7 unnamed species within the genus.

Contained taxa (15 sp.):

Phyllodytes acuminatus Bokermann, 1966

Phyllodytes amadoi Vörös, Dias, and Solé, 2017

Phyllodytes brevirostris Peixoto and Cruz, 1988

Phyllodytes edelmoi Peixoto, Caramaschi, and Freire, 2003

Phyllodytes gyrinaethes Peixoto, Caramaschi, and Freire, 2003

Phyllodytes kautskyi Peixoto and Cruz, 1988

Phyllodytes luteolus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)

Phyllodytes maculosus Cruz, Feio, and Cardoso, 2007

Phyllodytes magnus Dias, Novaes-e-Fagundes, Mollo, Zina, Garcia, Recoder, Vechio, Rodrigues, and Solé, 2020

Phyllodytes megatympanum Marciano, Lantyer-Silva, and Solé, 2017

Phyllodytes melanomystax Caramaschi, Silva, and Britto-Pereira, 1992

Phyllodytes praeceptor Orrico, Dias, and Marciano, 2018

Phyllodytes punctatus Caramaschi and Peixoto, 2004

Phyllodytes tuberculosus Bokermann, 1966

Phyllodytes wuchereri (Peters, 1873)

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